Do Now: 1.What does it mean to be “civilized”? (create a list of words that come to mind) or 2. Draw a picture of your vision of “civilized” people in a “civilized” world.

8 Features of a Civilization Cities Organized Government Complex Religion Job Specialization Social Classes Art/ Architecture Public Works Writing System

Effects on Society: Mountains 1. Isolation –Ethnocentrism: belief that your country is superior –2. Protection 3. Adaptation

Terrace Farming

Nile River v. Yellow River Task: Compare the differences & similarities VS.

GOVERNMENT & RELIGION

Do Now: Complete the chart below! Civilization:Evidence of Government: Nile: Mesopotamia: Indus: Yellow:

Babylon (city-state) King Hammurabi ~ BCE CODE OF HAMMURABI 1 st written legal system

Code of Hammurabi (excerpts) ____________________________________________________ What did the people of the Fertile Crescent value?

If a builder builds a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built falls in and kills its owner, then the builder shall be put to death. If anyone brings an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if a capital offense is charged, be put to death. If a judge try a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then he shall pay twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from the judge's bench, and never again shall he sit there to render judgment. If any one steal the property of a temple or of the court, he shall be put to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thing from him shall be put to death.

If he hold the slaves in his house, and they are caught there, he shall be put to death. If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death. If he do not till the field, but let it lie fallow, he shall give grain like his neighbor's to the owner of the field, and the field which he let lie fallow he must plow and sow and return to its owner. If a son strike his father, his hands shall be cut off. If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. If he knock out the teeth of a freed man, he shall pay one-third of a gold mina.

Assyrians

Hittites IRON- MAKING!

River Valley Civilizations Evidence of Education

Writing Systems Yellow River (Shang Dynasty): Oracle Bones Egypt: Hieroglyphics

Babylon = rectangle Euphrates – diagonal Kingdoms = small circles Ocean = large circles (around world?) An early world map (600 BC) Mesopotamia: Cuneiform

1.What do you notice about the alphabet? 2.Who invented it?

What do you think? Studies indicate that American students are lagging behind other nations’ students in math and science. Many schools are now seeking to eliminate art programs in order to spend more money on the more “important” subjects, i.e. math, science. V. Is this a good idea? Why? Why not?

River Valley Civilizations: Art and Architecture

Ancient Egypt

The Annual Flooding of the Nile

The City-States of Mesopotamia

Egyptian Social Hierarchy

Great Sphinx

Ancient China

Ancient India

The Harappan Civilization 3300 BCE BCE

Public Well, Harappa

Drain, Harappa

Great Bath, Moheno-daro

Do Now: Complete the chart below! Civilization: Evidence/Characteristics of Religion: Nile: Mesopotamia: Indus: Yellow:

The Valley of the Kings

Ziggurats

Ziggurat at Ur (2,100 BCE)

The Aryans migrated to the Indus Valley cities circa 1500 B.C.E. The below document is an example of an Aryan hymn. “Hail to the lord of thieves…hail to the destructive ones armed with spears, hail to the lord of plunderers. Hail to the archers, to those who stretch the bowstring, and to those who take aim.” 1.What is the purpose of a hymn? 2.What does the hymn reveal about the Aryan people?

The Caste System  The mouth?  The arms?  The legs?  The feet? WHO IS… Brahmins Kshatriyas Vaishyas Shudras

Social Hierarchy Sudras Vaisyas Kshatriyas Brahmins (Priests) (Warriors) (Farmers, artisans, merchants) (The conquered, servants, laborers) Pariahs [Harijan]  Untouchables (Priests)

The Hebrews: Early History 1.Lived in the Fertile Crescent (circa 2000 BCE) 2.Migrate to region known as Palestine (Canaan)

Ancient Palestine 2.Famine: leads to migration to Egypt (1800 BCE) 3.Enslavement 4.Moses, adopted son of the pharaoh’s daughter, led Hebrews in their escape (exodus) from Egypt 5.Hebrews return to Canaan (Palestine), make claim to the land they believed God had promised them

Laws that Jews believed God gave them through Moses Prophets (spiritual leaders) emerge to interpret God’s will

6. Hebrews setup kingdom of Israel 7. Jerusalem becomes an impressive capital 8. Too much money spent, invading armies 9. Forced into captivity, exile in Babylon; become known as the Jews