Question 1: _________ is a type of opioid drug that is partly natural and partly synthetic (man-made). a. Marijuana b. Heroin c. Meth d. Ecstasy Question 2: True or False Long-term effects of meth use include skin sores, dental problems, violent behavior, psychosis. Question 3: From the Commonly used drugs you learned about yesterday, which one do you think is the most dangerous? Explain your answer. ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

Lesson 2 ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

 Caffeine:  Psychoactive stimulant  Derived from plants, most is synthetically produced in plants  Found in beverages, powder, pill form  Prescription Drugs:  Some prescribed medications have psychoactive (mind-altering) properties and, because of that, are sometimes abused (taken for reasons or in ways or amounts not intended by a doctor, or taken by someone other than the person for whom they are prescribed)  Psychoactive Substances = Synthetic Drugs:  Synthetic drugs are created using man-made chemicals rather than natural ingredients ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

 What are energy drinks?  Energy drinks are beverages like Red Bull, Rock Star and Monster, that contain large doses of caffeine and other stimulants like guarana and ginseng, and are not FDA approved.  If a drink advertises no caffeine, the energy comes from guarana, which is the equivalent of caffeine.  Individual responses to caffeine vary, and these drinks should be treated carefully because of how powerful they are.  Energy drinks' stimulating properties can boost the heart rate and blood pressure (sometimes to the point of palpitations), dehydrate the body, and, like other stimulants, prevent sleep. Video ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

1. Cardiac Arrest: Those with underlying heart conditions have gone into cardiac arrest after just a few energy drinks. Before drinking energy drinks or caffeine, be sure to know your heart’s health.  – A recent study shows the link between energy drinks and cardiac events among teens. This study recommends that teens consume no more than one 250 ml energy drink per day and not before or during sports or exercise. 2. Headaches and Migraines: Too many energy drinks can lead to severe headaches from the caffeine withdrawal symptoms. Changing the amount of caffeine you ingest daily can cause more frequent headaches. 3. Insomnia: Energy drinks do a good job of keeping people awake, but when abused, they can cause some people to miss sleep all together. This lack of sleep causes impaired functioning making it dangerous to drive or concentrate on tasks. 4. Type 2 Diabetes: Because many energy drinks are also very high in sugar, they can eventually wear out the insulin producing cells of the pancreas, which leads to type 2 diabetes. 5. Drug Interaction: Some of the ingredients in energy drinks can interact with prescription medications especially medications taken for depression. ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

6. Addiction: People can become addicted to caffeine and energy drinks. This can lead to lack of functioning when unable to have the energy drink or a financial stress from having to buy several energy drinks daily. 7. Risky behavior: A study published in The Journal of American College Health showed that teens are more likely to take dangerous risks when high on caffeine. This could result in injury or legal trouble. 8. Jitters and Nervousness: Too much caffeine from energy drinks causes some people to shake and be anxious. This can interfere with performing needed tasks or cause emotional issues.  A study found that even just one 250ml energy drink can increase anxiety in young men. 9. Vomiting: Too many energy drinks can lead to vomiting. This causes dehydration and acid erosion of teeth and esophagus. 10. Allergic Reactions: Because of the many ingredients in energy drinks, reactions could occur from minor itching to airway constriction. ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

In 2015, through July 31, poison centers have received reports of 1,675 exposures to energy drinks; of those, 60% were children 18 and younger ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

Lowest caffeine content (6mg.) Highest caffeine content (242 mg.) ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

Academy of Pediatrics Recommendation: No more than 100mg. of caffeine per day for adolescents Academy of Pediatrics Recommendation: No more than 100mg. of caffeine per day for adolescents Video ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

With a partner, discuss the following statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics. Make an argument in support of or against the statement: According the American Academy of Pediatrics, there is no reason at all for children and teens to consume energy drinks. These drinks, such as Monster Energy and Red Bull, typically contain [various] stimulants. Their stated purpose is to enhance athletic performance, endurance and concentration. The dose of caffeine they deliver is both potentially dangerous and unnecessary for children and teens. (Guarana, a caffeine-containing plant extract, is a common stimulant ingredient in energy drinks. One gram of guarana equals about 40 mg of caffeine). ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

 Prescription drugs: drugs that can be obtained only by means of a physician's prescription.  Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications: medicinal products that can be purchased without a prescription. ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

Guiding Question: Do you feel that 1 in 9 youth is an accurate count of youth using prescription drugs non-medically? ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

 The most commonly abused OTC medications are cough and cold remedies containing dextromethorphan.  The classes of prescription drugs most commonly abused are:  Opioids  Stimulants  Depressants Video ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

 Opioid abuse: painkillers like Vicodin, OxyContin, or codeine  abuse can cause you to feel sleepy, sick to your stomach, and constipated. At higher doses, opioids can make it hard to breathe properly and can cause overdose and death.  Simulant abuse: used for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), such as Adderall and Ritalin  Adderall or Ritalin abuse can make you feel paranoid (feeling like someone is going to harm you even though they aren’t).  It also can cause your body temperature to get dangerously high and make your heart beat too fast, especially if taken in large doses or in ways other than swallowing a pill.  Depressant abuse: used to relieve anxiety or help a person sleep, such as Valium or Xanax  Barbiturate abuse can cause slurred speech, shallow breathing, sleepiness, disorientation, and lack of coordination.  People who abuse depressants regularly and then stop suddenly may experience seizures.  At higher doses depressants can also cause overdose and death, especially when combined with alcohol. ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

 With a classmate, discuss the following questions:  1 in 5 teens are prescribed drugs, do you think this number is too high, another words, are prescriptions given too frequently?  When medication(s) is prescribed, does the medical practitioner and/or pharmacist typically discuss the addictive nature, the illegalities of sharing, and the proper disposal of the medication(s)? If yes, who had the conversation with you and how did you feel about it? If no, why do you think there isn’t a conversation? Do you think that the medical practitioner and/or pharmacist have a responsibility to have the discussion with the person who is prescribed the medication? ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

 New psychoactive substances (NPS) are a range of drugs that have been designed to mimic established illicit drugs, such as cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy, and LSD.  Manufacturers of these drugs develop new chemicals to replace those that are banned, which means that the chemical structures of the drugs are constantly changing to try to stay ahead of the law. ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

 Other names for synthetic drugs include:  legal highs  herbal highs  party pills  synthetic cocaine  synthetic cannabis  herbal ecstasy  bath salts  plant fertilizer  herbal incense  room deodorizers  aphrodisiac tea  social tonics  new and emerging drugs (NEDs)  drug analogues and research chemicals These products can sometimes be marked ‘not for human consumption’ These products can sometimes be marked ‘not for human consumption’ Video ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

 Even though they are sometimes advertised as legal, this doesn't mean they are safe  It is difficult to know the common effects of these drugs and what dose causes what effects  NPS do not typically come with a recommended dosage printed on the label as they are unregulated and untested  Given the chemicals in these drugs are constantly changing to try to stay ahead of the law, it’s possible to receive a very different product from batch to batch, even if the packaging and name are the same Video ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

 Medications and Drugs that affect the brain can change the way it works—especially when they are taken over an extended period of time or with escalating doses.  Medications and Drugs can change the reward system, making it harder for a person to feel good without the drug and possibly leading to intense cravings, which make it hard to stop using.  Addiction is a real possibility.  When a person is addicted to a drug, finding and using that drug can begin to feel like the most important thing—more important than family, friends, school, sports, or health. ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )

Complete the Worksheet on Reading OTC & Prescription Labels ©2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX )