Unit 9: The Endocrine System Michael D. Haight, D.C.

Anatomy Exocrine glands  These are not part of the Endocrine system  Exocrine secrete products into ducts that empty onto surface  Example: sweat and salivary glands Endocrine glands  Ductless  Secrete hormones into cellular spaces, then into blood  Hormones in blood find a specific receptor (target organ cell)  Example, thyroid gland

Glands

Gland locations

How Hormones work… Non-Steroid vs. Steroid

Non-Steroid Hormones

Steroid Hormones

Hormones - examples Steroid  Sex Hormones Androgens Testosterone Estrogen Prolactin Non-Steroid Calcitonin TSH

Anatomy

Negative Feedback

Animations on Feedback p/Courses/bio211/endo3a.htm p/Courses/bio211/endo3a.htm p/Courses/bio211/endo2a.htm p/Courses/bio211/endo2a.htm

Basic Anatomy - brain

Functions of Pituitary gland

Anterior & Posterior Pituitary

Anterior gland Posterior gland ADH Oxytocin FSH LH Prolactin TSH

Functions of Pineal gland

Thyroid and Parathyroid

Functions of Adrenal gland

Cushing’s syndrome & Addison’s syndrome

Functions of Pancreas

Review Time…. Let’s see what you remember….

Cortisol is produced by the A. Pituitary B. Thyroid C. Parathyroid D. Adrenal cortex E. Adrenal medulla

A primary role of melatonin is in A. Regulating reproductive functions B. Regulating the body’s internal clock C. Stimulating development of white blood cells D. Influencing water balance in the body E. Triggering the release of pituitary hormones

Which of these is a steroid hormone? A. Testosterone B. Melatonin C. Insulin D. Oxytocin E. Parathyroid hormone

The second messenger system is a form of A. Hormone manufacturing B. Signal transduction C. Local regulation D. Reusing or recycling old hormones E. Cheating

Diabetes mellitus results from reduced effects of the hormone A. Glucagon B. Adrenalin C. Epinephrine D. Insulin E. Hydrocortisone

Question What’s the difference between an endocrine and exocrine gland?

Answer Endocrine glands are ductless glands, and they secrete hormones into intercellular spaces. Exocrine glands secrete into ducts that empty onto a surface or into a cavity.

Question What is an example of a negative feedback loop for the regulation of hormone secretion?

Answer There are many!! One example:  blood glucose triggers secretion of insulin. Since insulin promotes glucose uptake by cells, the blood glucose level is restored to its lower, normal level.

Question Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer The pituitary gland lies buried deep in the cranial cavity in the small depression of the sphenoid bone. The pituitary stalk attaches the gland to the hypothalamus

Question What gland is the master gland of the body?

Question Which gland has endocrine and exocrine functions?

Question What is the name of the mechanism by which the non-steroid hormones work?

True or False Hormone secretions are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms

True or False Leutinizing hormone is sometimes called the ovulating hormone

Question We mentioned that the thyroid gland produces t4 What does the four mean?

And that’s all folks…. Remember – no seminar next week