RELIGION AND REFORM IN THE EARLY 19 TH CENTURY JACKSONIAN REFORM MOVEMENTS

RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS SECOND GREAT AWAKENING –EARLY 1800S –REVIVAL OF RELIGIOUS FEELING –PROTESTANT PREACHERS WHO BELIEVED THAT AMERICANS HAD BECOME IMMORAL –CAMP MEETINGS –CHURCH MEMBERSHIP SKYROCKETED –LED TO SOCIAL REFORMS

RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS REVIVALISM –PART OF SECOND GREAT AWAKENING –WANTED TO REVIVE OR REENERGIZE THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN AMERICA –CREATE AS MUCH EMOTION AS POSSIBLE –CHARLES FINNEY UNITARIANS –NEW ENGLAND MEMBERS OF SEVERAL PURITAN OR CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES –GOD IS A SINGLE DIVINE BEING- UNITY –VIEWS DIVERGED FROM EST. RELIGIOUS CREEDS AND LITERAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE BIBLE A.M.E. CHURCH –RICHARD ALLEN EST. AFRICAN AMERICAN CHURCHES –1816 CHURCHES UNITED TO BECOME THE AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH –RELIGION HAD A SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS- REPRESENTED AN ENTERNAL FREEDOM

LITERARY AND ARTISTIC DEVELOPMENTS TRANSCENDENTALISM –BELIEVED THAT PEOPLE COULD TRANSCEND, OR GO BEYOND, THEIR SENSES TO LEARN ABOUT THE WORLD –INDIVIDUALS SHOULD LISTEN TO NATURE AND TO THEIR OWN CONSCIENCES TO LEARN THE TRUTH ABOUT THE UNIVERSE. –RALPH WALDO EMERSON, HENRY DAVID THOREAU ROMANTICISM –ADVOCATED FEELING OVER REASON, INNER SPIRITUALITY OVER EXTERNAL RULES, THE INDIVIDUAL ABOVE SOCIETY, NATURE OVER ENVIRONMENTS –JAMES FENIMORE COOPER –NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (SUPERNATURAL) –HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL OF ART

HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL OF ART

SOCIAL REFORM MOVEMENTS PUBLIC EDUCATION –HORACE MANN –SOUGHT TO EST. A SYSTEM OF REQUIRED, TAX SUPPORTED PUBLIC SCHOOLS. –THOUGHT THAT EDU. WOULD PROMOTE ECONOMIC GROWTH –STATE OVERSIGHT OF LOCAL SCHOOLS, STANDARDIZED SCHOOL CALENDARS, AND ADEQUATE SCHOOL FUNDING, TRAINING FOR EDUCATORS. –WOMEN PLAYED KEY ROLE- CATHARINE BEECHER, EMMA WILLARD, ELIZABETH BLACKWELL PRISONS AND ASYLUMS –PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM MENTAL ILLNESSES WERE HOUSED ALONG WITH HARDENED CRIMINALS –DORTHEA DIX CAMPAIGNED ACROSS THE NATION ENCOURAGING COMMUNITIES TO BUILD HUMANE HOSPITALS FOR PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESSES –PRISON REFORMERS THOUGHT THAT PRISONS SHOULD MAKE CRIMINALS FEEL PENITENCE, OR SORROW FOR THEIR CRIMES

SOCIAL REFORM MOVEMENTS UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES –AMERICANS SOUGHT TO IMPROVE THEIR LIVES IN AN UNIQUE WAY –THEY CHOSE TO DISTANCE THEMSELVES FROM SOCIETY BY SETTING UP COMMUNITIES BASED ON UNUSUAL WAYS OF SHARING PROPERTY, LABOR, AND FAMILY LIFE. –IDEAL SOCIETY –BROOK FARM (INTELLECTUAL) –SHAKERS (RELIGION) ABOLITIONISM –MOVEMENT TO ABOLISH (END) SLAVERY –WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON LEADING ABOLITIONISH WHO USED DRAMATIC LANGUAGE- MORAL SUASION –FREDERICK DOUGLASS FORMER SLAVE WHO TRAVELED SPEAKING FOR THE END OF SLAVERY –SOME FAVOR VIOLENCE AND LED SLAVE REVOLTS- NAT TURNER, DAVID WALKER –THIS ISSUE WILL DIVIDE THE NATION

SOCIAL REFORM MOVEMENTS TEMPERANCE –MANY REFORMERS THOUGHT THAT PROBLEMS IN SOCIETY WERE CAUSED BY ALCOHOL. –TEMPERANCE MOV’T WAS AN EFFORT TO END ALCOHOL ABUSE AND THE PROBLEMS CREATED BY IT. –SOME BELIEVED IN PROHIBITION- AMERICAN TEMPERANCE SOCIETY.

SOCIAL REFORM MOVEMENTS WOMEN –THE DRIVE TO REFORM SOCIETY PROVIDED NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN –BECAUSE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION WOMEN BEGAN TO WORK OUTSIDE THE HOME FOR THE FIRST TIME –WOMEN’S MOVEMENT BEGAN TO WORK FOR GREATER RIGHTS AND OPPORTUNITIES –LUCRETIA MOTT AND ELIZABETH CADY STANTON WANTED FULL EQUALITY –1848 MOTT AND STANTON ORGANIZED THE SENECA FALLS CONVENTION –AT THE CONVENTION SUSAN B. ANTHONY WAS INSPIRIED AND WOULD LEAD THE WAY TO WIN THE RIGHT TO VOTE FOR WOMEN

HOMEWORK 2 ND AND 4 TH PERIOD ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION IN COMPLETE SENTENCES USING EXAMPLES FROM TODAY’S NOTES. –HOW DID THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING AFFECT LIFE IN THE UNITED STATES. 3 RD PERIOD ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION IN COMPLETE SENTENCES USING EXAMPLES FROM TODAY’S NOTES. –HOW DID THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING LEAD TO SEVERAL REFORM EFFORTS AND WHAT EFFECT DID THOSE REFORM EFFORTS HAVE ON AMERICAN SOCIETY?