Chapter 4 Section 2 (pgs ) Guaranteeing Other Rights Essential Question: What type of citizen rights are ensured in Amendments 11-27?

Amendments Extend Civil Rights (pg )  Civil Rights: rights guaranteed to all U.S. citizens  Until the Civil War, the job of guarding people’s civil rights was largely left to the states  The Civil War led to additional Amendments to be added to ensure more citizens rights

Thirteenth Amendment (pg. 119)  13 th Amendment: “"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” pg. 74  It outlawed slavery in all states and lands governed by the United States.  Ratified in 1865

Fourteenth Amendment (pg. 119)  14 th Amendment: pg. 74  This Amendment overturned a 1833 Supreme Court decision that said the Bill of Rights applied to federal government not state governments  Granted African Americans full citizenship  Declared no state could take away a citizen’s “life, liberty, or property, with due process of the law”  Guaranteed every citizen equal protection under the laws  It was designed to banned discrimination  Ratified in 1868 Why did Congress pass the 13 th and 14 th Amendments?

Amendments Extend Voting Rights (pg )  Voting is one to most basic principles of citizenship.  In 1789, only white, male property-owning citizens could vote. This was the tradition from the previous British colonial rule era.  The original Constitution mentioned nothing about voting rights.  African Americans, poor people, and women were often ban from voting by states while other state constitution’s allow them to vote before the federal government did.  From , 6 Amendments have been added to extend suffrage.  Suffrage: the right to vote.

Fifteenth Amendment (pg. 120)  15 th Amendment: “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” pg. 75  No one could be denied suffrage because of race or color.  Only applied to men.  Gave African American men the right to vote.  Ratified in  Afterwards many southern states passed laws to keep black men from voting despite this amendment.  This amendment right wasn’t ensured until the 1960s.

Seventeenth Amendment (pg. 120)  17 th Amendment: pg. 76  Allowed citizens to elect their state senators.  It strengthened the principle of direct representation.  It made senators accountable to voters and not other politicians.  It repealed Article 1, Section 3 of the original Constitution which called for each state legislature’s to elect the state senators.  Ratified in 1913.

Nineteenth Amendment (pg )  19 th Amendment: “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.” pg. 77  Granted women the right to vote.  Women’s suffrage movement started in the mid-1800s with leaders like Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, Lucretia Mott, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.  When Wyoming became part of the United States in 1890, it also became the first state to grant women the right to vote.  Ratified in 1920.

Twenty-third Amendment (pg.122)  23 rd Amendment: pg. 79  Gave citizens living in the District of Columbia (Washington D.C.) the right to vote for the president and vice president.  Since the 1700s, residents there hadn’t been able to vote in national elections.  Ratified in 1961.

Twenty-fourth Amendment (pg.122)  Banned poll tax in national elections.  Poll Tax: a tax a person has to pay to register to vote.  Some states used poll taxes to keep African American’s and other groups of citizens who were likely to poor to afford the tax from voting.  Ratified in  In 1966 the Supreme Court outlawed poll taxes in state elections.

Twenty-sixth Amendment (pg.122)  It allow 18 year olds the right to vote.  The previous voting age was 21.  Until this amendment 18 years olds were drafted, obligated to go to war for America, but weren’t allowed to vote.  The previous law became very controversial during the Vietnam War.  Ratified in How has the right to vote expanded over time?

Eleventh Amendment (pg. 72)  11 th Amendment: “The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, of by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.  Ensures that states would not be sued.  Ratified in 1794.

12 th, 20 th, 22 nd, 25 th, 27 th Amendments (pgs.72-81)  These five amendments focused on government positions.

Sixteenth Amendment  16 th Amendment: “The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.”  It allow the federal government to collect taxes from citizen’s income.  Ratified in 1913.

18 th and 21 st Amendments  These amendments focused on the sell and consumption of alcohol.  The 18 th Amendment, ratified in 1919, banned alcohol.  The 21 st Amendment, ratified in 1933, repealed the 18 th Amendment. It allowed the sell and consumption of alcohol again.