15-4 Germany, Italy and Japan on the march

Japan  Militarist take power in 1929 Want to solve the economic problems of Japan by creating an empire in the Pacific Want to solve the economic problems of Japan by creating an empire in the Pacific Raw materials, new markets, & room for the expanding population Raw materials, new markets, & room for the expanding population Hirohito-emperor: served as the head of the government and was revered by the people Hirohito-emperor: served as the head of the government and was revered by the people  Japan invade Manchuria in 1931 This gave Japan oil and coal This gave Japan oil and coal  League of Nations Members protested but did nothing to stop Japan Members protested but did nothing to stop Japan

Japan  Japan takes the rest of China 1937, Japan crushes the Chinese army 1937, Japan crushes the Chinese army 1,000s of captured soldiers and citizens are killed after the fighting is over 1,000s of captured soldiers and citizens are killed after the fighting is over

Italy  Mussolini invades Ethiopia in 1935 Wanted to avenge a defeat from 1890 Wanted to avenge a defeat from 1890 Ethiopians fought with spears & swords against tanks, machine guns, & planes Ethiopians fought with spears & swords against tanks, machine guns, & planes  League of Nations condemns but does not act

Hitler defies Versailles  Rebuilds the military Germany manufactures new weapons Germany manufactures new weapons Increases the size of it’s army Increases the size of it’s army  Enters the Rhineland A troop free buffer between France & Germany after WWI A troop free buffer between France & Germany after WWI 1936, German troops enter the Rhineland 1936, German troops enter the Rhineland France does not attack & Britain urges appeasement France does not attack & Britain urges appeasement  Intervenes in the Spanish Civil War Sends troops to aid Franco’s efforts in Spain Sends troops to aid Franco’s efforts in Spain

Germany  Mussolini & Hitler sign the Rome-Berlin Axis agreement Japan would join a month later creating the Axis Powers Japan would join a month later creating the Axis Powers  Anschluss-union with Austria 1937, Hitler announced plans to absorb Austria & Czechoslovakia into the Third Reich 1937, Hitler announced plans to absorb Austria & Czechoslovakia into the Third Reich Many Austrian supported a union with Germany Many Austrian supported a union with Germany 1938, German troops marched into Austria and Germany annexed Austria 1938, German troops marched into Austria and Germany annexed Austria  Sudetenland: Hitler demanded control of this German speaking area of Czechoslovakia. France & Britain sold out the Czechs to avoid war. Hitler demanded control of this German speaking area of Czechoslovakia. France & Britain sold out the Czechs to avoid war.

Germany  Czechoslovakia After receiving the Sudetenland at the Munich Conference, Hitler had pledge not to invade the rest of Czechoslovakia After receiving the Sudetenland at the Munich Conference, Hitler had pledge not to invade the rest of Czechoslovakia 6 months after the Munich Conference, German troops rolled into the rest of the country 6 months after the Munich Conference, German troops rolled into the rest of the country Britain & France did nothing to stop him Britain & France did nothing to stop him

Germany territory, 1939

Appeasement  Giving in to an aggressor to avoid war  British and French don’t strongly respond to Hitler’s aggression  British Prime Minister-Chamberlain He believed he could negotiate with Hitler to avoid war He believed he could negotiate with Hitler to avoid war

Munich Conference  Meeting between Germany, France, and Britain. Even though the decision of the conference affect Czechoslovakia they are not present Even though the decision of the conference affect Czechoslovakia they are not present Chamberlain returned to England and told cheering crowds, “I believe it is peace in our time” Chamberlain returned to England and told cheering crowds, “I believe it is peace in our time”  Neville Chamberlain gives in to Hitler’s desire for Czechoslovakia France and Britain sellout the Czechs to avoid war France and Britain sellout the Czechs to avoid war

Alliances  1936 Rome/ Berlin Axis  Germany, Italy and Japan-Axis Powers

Nonaggression pact  1939 Stalin and Hitler promised to never attack one another  Stage was set for war.

Franco in Spain  Spain had been a monarchy until 1931  A republic had replaced the king, but with economic problems and many crises, many people wanted change  1936, military leaders joined Francisco Franco in a revolt against the republic  Civil War raged for 3 years  Hitler & Mussolini sent weapons, troops and aid to Franco and his Fascists

Franco in Spain  The Republic received very little help from anyone Some volunteers from other nations fought with the Republic Some volunteers from other nations fought with the Republic Western democracies remained neutral Western democracies remained neutral  1939, the Republican forces collapsed and Franco became dictator

USA  Isolationism Stay away from political ties to other nations Stay away from political ties to other nations Helps avoid unwanted entanglements Helps avoid unwanted entanglements  1935, the US Congress passed three Neutrality Acts Banned loaning to nations at war Banned loaning to nations at war Banned the sale of weapons to nations at war. Banned the sale of weapons to nations at war.