Speech Tips Chapters 10, 11, 14, & 16

Audience Analysis In planning a speech, a speaker should first consider the needs and expectations of those who will be listening.

Demographics The statistical characteristics of human populations The statistical characteristics of human populations Social, economic, and cultural characteristics Social, economic, and cultural characteristics

Audience Analysis How many people will be present? What will be the ages of most of the people in the audience? Will the audience be mostly male, female, or mixed? How many people will be present? What will be the ages of most of the people in the audience? Will the audience be mostly male, female, or mixed? What are their interests, attitudes, and beliefs? What are their interests, attitudes, and beliefs? What do they know about the subject? What do they know about the subject? What is their attitude toward it? What is their attitude toward it?

Types of Informative Speeches Public lecture Public lecture Status report (in business, on projects or divisional work) Status report (in business, on projects or divisional work) Briefing- informs members of a group about changes in policy or procedure Briefing- informs members of a group about changes in policy or procedure

continued Fireside chat (FDR) feature a group leader addressing concerns, worries, and issues of the moment Fireside chat (FDR) feature a group leader addressing concerns, worries, and issues of the moment Chalk talk- speaker uses a visual aid (coach going through plays) Chalk talk- speaker uses a visual aid (coach going through plays)

Six Cs of Informative Speaking Be Clear Be Clear Be Concise Be Concise Be Complete Be Complete Be Correct Be Correct Concrete Concrete Connect Connect

Avoid Plagiarism copying or imitating the language, ideas, or thoughts of another and passing them off as your own original work copying or imitating the language, ideas, or thoughts of another and passing them off as your own original work

Cite Sources You need to give credit to your sources You need to give credit to your sources In your speech you can acknowledge your sources by saying, In your speech you can acknowledge your sources by saying, “According to (insert source name)….

Outline a speaker’s map. It is the way you give form and direction to your organization. a speaker’s map. It is the way you give form and direction to your organization. It will include your thesis and two – three points It will include your thesis and two – three points Your outline helps you organize your ideas Your outline helps you organize your ideas

Attention-getter Do not begin your speech with, “Today my speech is about…” (or something similar) Do not begin your speech with, “Today my speech is about…” (or something similar) The first statement you make should strive to catch the attention of the audience. The first statement you make should strive to catch the attention of the audience.

Introduction of speech Includes: Attention-getter Attention-getter Thesis a complete sentence which states the point of your speech Thesis a complete sentence which states the point of your speech After your thesis state your three points After your thesis state your three points

Organization You can organize your speech many different ways. You can organize your speech many different ways.

Chronological Order puts ideas in a time sequence or in the order they happened. puts ideas in a time sequence or in the order they happened.Example: I. Colonial times II. Revolutionary days III. Current happenings

Climactic Order organize your main headings in order of importance organize your main headings in order of importanceExamples: I. Shoplifting I. Shoplifting II. White-collar crime II. White-collar crime III. Violent crime III. Violent crime

Spatial Order divides topics into space relationships divides topics into space relationshipsExample: I. Library is the central hub I. Library is the central hub II. Classrooms radiate from library II. Classrooms radiate from library III. Offices are extensions III. Offices are extensions

Cause-Effect Organization one area leads directly to the other area one area leads directly to the other areaExample: I. Causes of child abuse I. Causes of child abuse II. Effects of child abuse II. Effects of child abuse

Problem-Solution Organization presents a problem and then provides ideas about how the problem can be solved presents a problem and then provides ideas about how the problem can be solvedExample: I. Problems I. Problems II. Solutions II. Solutions

Support your Thesis with Facts Facts Stories/anecdotes Stories/anecdotes Quotes Quotes Definitions and explanation Definitions and explanation Descriptions Descriptions

Sign Posting Be sure to let the audience know each time you get to the next point of your speech. Be sure to let the audience know each time you get to the next point of your speech. “My first point is….” or just state whatever your point is.

Volume The loudness or softness of a speaker’s voice The loudness or softness of a speaker’s voice

Articulation The crispness and distinctness of a speaker The crispness and distinctness of a speaker

Inflection The altering of a speaker’s tone or pitch to create emphasis The altering of a speaker’s tone or pitch to create emphasis