1 Introduction to Emergency Management in Ohio Unit Two: Orientation to Emergency Management 1

2 Unit Objectives Define emergency management Identify the hazards and risks faced in Ohio Define the phases of emergency management Define the structure of emergency management in Ohio Define the evolution of emergency management

3 Emergency Management Just what is emergency management? Ohio Emergency Operations Center

4 Emergency Management FEMA Higher Education Project…… Emergency management is the managerial function charged with creating the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters.

5 Emergency Management NFPA 1600…. An ongoing process to prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from an incident that threatens life, property, operations, or the environment.

6 Emergency Management Ohio Revised Code….. Emergency management” includes all emergency preparedness and civil defense activities and measures, whether or not mentioned or described in sections to of the Revised Code, that are designed or undertaken to minimize the effects upon the civilian population caused or that could be caused by any hazard and that are necessary to address mitigation, emergency preparedness, response, and recovery

7 Emergency Management Laws and Authorities Ohio Revised Code Chapter 5502, Public Safety  Sections to Ohio Administrative Code 4501:3, Emergency Management Agency

8 County Structure countywide emergency management agency regional authority for emergency management program for emergency management Emergency Management

9 County Structure Countywide Emergency Management Agency – Governed by Executive Committee – Considered a County Board Emergency Management

10 County Structure Regional Authority for Emergency Management – Two or more counties – Governed by Executive Committee Emergency Management

11 County Structure Program for Emergency Management – Governed by Chief Executive of Political Subdivision Typically County Commissioners or County Administrator’s – Default organization for those choosing not to organize under or Emergency Management

12 Emergency Management Ohio Department of Public Safety Ohio Emergency Management Agency Ohio Homeland Security Emergency Medical Services Bureau of Motor Vehicles Criminal Justice Services Investigative Unit Ohio Highway Patrol

13 Emergency Management Ohio Emergency Management Agency  Field Operations, Training and Exercises & Grants  Fiscal  Mitigation  Disaster Recovery  Communications & Data Management  Plans  Data Management  Radiological  WebEOC & Incident Management Support  Internal & External Affairs

14 United States Homeland Security:  Transportation Security Administration (TSA)  U.S. Customs & Border Protection  U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services  U.S. Immigration & Customs Enforcement  U.S. Secret Service  Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)  U.S. Coast Guard Emergency Management

15 Emergency Management Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration Mission support U.S. Fire Administration Region I – X Response and recovery

16 Ohio’s Hazards Coastal ErosionDroughtsEarthquakes FloodsSeiche/Coastal Flooding Landslides Land SubsidenceInvasive SpeciesSevere Summer Storms TornadoesWildfiresSevere Winter/Ice Storms Dam FailureCoastal Erosion Droughts Hazardous Materials Events TerrorismEarthquakes

17 Ohio Disasters  1960’s – 5 declarations  1970’s – 8 declarations and 2 emergencies  1980’s – 6 declarations  1990’s – 7 declarations  2000’s – 16 declarations and 4 emergencies  2010’s – 3 declarations and 1 emergencies

18 Ohio Disasters 10 – 14 inches of rain 41 deaths >500 injuries >10,000 homes damaged 104 business destroyed Source: Ohio Historical Society 1969 Independence Day Flood

19 – 32 fatalities – 300 homes destroyed – >1300 injuries Ohio Historical Society 1974 Xenia Tornado Ohio Disasters

20 Schools closed statewide Most major airports closed Some counties completely isolated 20 fatalities Source: Ohio Historical Society 1977 Statewide Blizzard Ohio Disasters

21 41 tornadoes 14 killer tornadoes Only F-5 tornado in the country in fatalities Source: Ohio Historical Society 1985 Tornadoes Ohio Disasters

22 26 fatalities 80 homes destroyed 250 homes damaged Source: Ohio Historical Society Belmont County EMA 1990 Shadyside Flood Ohio Disasters

million without power Costliest disaster in Ohio history 6 fatalities Marvin Fong The Plain Dealer 2008 Wind Storm Ohio Disasters

24 Phases of Emergency Management

25 Phases of Emergency Management

26 Phases of Emergency Management

27 Preparedness A state of readiness to contain the effects of a disastrous event to minimize injury, property damage and loss of life. The ability to sustain essential functions without being overwhelmed. Phases of Emergency Management

28 Preparedness Activities Training & exercise programs Resource planning Personal preparedness vs. community preparedness Special planning  Volunteers  Schools  Donations Management Monitoring Activities 28

29 Mitigation The effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters Structural Non structural Phases of Emergency Management

30 Mitigation Activities Mitigation Planning  Implement and monitor pro  Risk assessment  Organize resources  Develop plan Mitigation Activities  Buyouts  Elevations  Protection activities  Best practices 30

31 Response Decisions and measures taken to contain the effects of a disaster to prevent any further loss of life and/or property, to restore order, and reestablish normality shortly thereafter. Phases of Emergency Management

32 Response Activities Declaration process Dealing with emergencies Incident command vs. unified command Role of emergency operations center Disaster communication ICS/EOC interface 32

33 Recovery Specific measures and procedures implemented once the immediate threat has passed with the goal of returning to a state of normality Phases of Emergency Management

34 Recovery Activities Damage assessments  Individual assessment  Public assessment Debris management Short term vs. long term recovery Community sustainability 34

35 Prevention/Protection Prevention actions help keep the risk posed by a hazard or threat from occurring or getting worse Protection actions focus on people, property, critical infrastructure, and natural resources..... (FEMA 2009) Phases of Emergency Management

36 Evolution/History of Emergency Management Congressional Act of Congress established the Council of National Defense. WWI 1930’s – Disaster Loans and Flood Control Act 1941 – Council of National Defense re-established as the Civil Defense Act 1950 – Disaster Relief Act (Public Law )

– National Flood Insurance Act 1969 – Disaster Relief Act 1973 – National Flood Disaster Protection Act Evolution/History of Emergency Management

Disaster Relief Act Following the March 1974 tornado outbreak that included the Xenia, Ohio tornado Evolution/History of Emergency Management

39 U.S Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1978  FEMA established as an independent establishment in the executive branch  1979 Executive orders and Evolution/History of Emergency Management

40 Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (as amended) Signed into law November 23, 1988 Amended the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 Constitutes the statutory authority for most Federal disaster response activities especially as they pertain to FEMA and FEMA programs. Evolution/History of Emergency Management

41 Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Continued) Established the Presidential declaration process for major emergencies Legislated a minimum 75% federal / 25% state/local cost-sharing for the Public Assistance Program. Evolution/History of Emergency Management

42 Late 1980s/Early 1990s 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake 1990 Hurricane Hugo 1992 Hurricane Andrew 1993 James Lee Witt appointed Director of FEMA Evolution/History of Emergency Management

January 1994 – Northridge earthquake October 1994 – Stafford Act was amended to incorporate Civil Defense Act of 1950 April 1995 – Murrah building bombing October 1997 – Project Impact October 2000 – Disaster Mitigation Act 2000 (DMA 2K) Evolution/History of Emergency Management

– – Creation of U.S. Department of Homeland Security Emphasis shifted to terrorism prevention and response Federal Response Plan is superseded by National Response Plan Evolution/History of Emergency Management

– August 2005 – Hurricane Katrina October 2006 – Post Katrina Emergency Reform Act March 2008 – National response plan replaced by national response framework Evolution/History of Emergency Management

46 Future of Emergency Management Emergency Management at local, state & federal levels continue to evolve

47 Summary Can you now: Define emergency management Identify the hazards and risks faced in Ohio Define the phases of emergency management Define the structure of emergency management in Ohio Define the evolution of emergency management