Causes of the Civil War 1. Sectional Debate over: 1.Tariffs 2.Extension of slavery into the territories 3.The nature of the Union (states’ rights) 2. Northern abolitionists vs. Southern defenders of slavery 3. U.S. Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott Case 4. Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Causes of the Civil War, cont. 1. Ineffective Presidential leadership in the 1850s 2. A history of failed compromises over the expansion of slavery in the territories 3. President Lincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861

Key people and events of the Civil War

Key Events of the Civil War

Election of 1860

Secession! When Lincoln wins the election in 1860 deep southern states begin to secede from the Union. Lincoln’s Inaugural Address: “I have no purpose…to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states where it exits.” Lincoln was offered several dozen elephants by the King of Siam. He refused the gift, but the elephant became the symbol of the Republican party Lincoln is the first Republican to ever win an election

The Battle at Fort Sumter

First shots of the war are fired in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina Confederates fire at a US fort in the harbor Union troops surrender No Casualties?!?

Antietam and the Emancipation Proclamation Bloodiest Single Day of the War Union Victory = Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation Proclamation Freed those slaves in “rebelling states” –Seceded Southern States Made the destruction of slavery a war aim Discouraged interference from foreign governments (European countries) Allowed for the enlistment of African American soldiers in the Union Army

Gettysburg The turning point of the Civil War The last offensive effort by the Confederates under Robert E. Lee Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address

Gettysburg Address The war is described as a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the idea that “all men are created equal: and was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.’’ Unlike southerners, Lincoln viewed America as “one nation” not a collection of sovereign states.

Lee Surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse

Abraham Lincoln President of the United States during the Civil War, who insisted that the union be preserved, by force if necessary Known for the Emancipation Proclamation & Gettysburg Address

Ulysses S. Grant Union military commander Won victories over the South after several Union Commanders had failed Led the North to victory by defeating General Lee and accepting his surrender at Appomattox Courthouse

Robert E. Lee Confederate General of the Army of Northern Virginia. Lee opposed secession, but did not believe the union should be held together by force. After his surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, Lee encouraged his men to accept defeat and become good citizens after the war.

Frederick Douglass Former slave who became a prominent black abolitionist Urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union army

Jefferson Davis US Senator President of the Confederate States of America

Civil War’s Impact on African Americans Even though slavery ended, African Americans did not achieve full equality during the next 100 years. Enslaved Americans seized the opportunity by the approach of Union troops to achieve freedom –The Emancipation Proclamation allowed for enlistment of African American soldiers

Civil War’s Impact on Common Soldiers Warfare was brutal and camp life was lonely and boring. Many soldiers returned home wounded or crippled –Warfare often involved hand-to-hand combat War time diaries and letters home record this harsh reality –After the war, especially in the South, soldiers returned home to find homes destroyed and poverty –Soldiers on both sides lived with permanent disabilities

Civil War’s Impact on Women Women were required to assume nontraditional roles –Manages homes and families with scarce resources –Often faced poverty and hunger –Assumed new roles in agriculture, nursing, and in war industries