HCI Human-Computer Interaction Week 1, Part 1 Introduction Semester 2, 2016

2 Part 1: Introduction Unit Outline Tutorials Assessment Where to get additional information & assistance Consultation Reading requirements What is HCI? Overview of the HCI semester

3 Tutorials 120 min. per week, starting Week 1 Follows lectures on content, how to, other issues etc. At the completion of each tutorial, each student is expected to achieve and have completed the set task. This only needs to be draft, but must demonstrate a level of understanding Students can only achieve marks for tutorial workshops if they have completed the task no later than the end of their next tutorial session.

4 Assessment Overview Internal Assessment (30%) Tutorial Work (5%) Assignment 1. Usability (5%) Assignment 2. Project Report (20%) Examination (70%)

5 Assessment In order to achieve a pass (or better) result, a student must obtain: at least 45% of the total mark for in-semester assessment items at least 45% of the mark for the formal examination at least 50% of the overall mark

6 Assessment(1) – Tutorial Work Students will be awarded half a mark for each tutorial workshop that you attend and successfully complete A maximum of 5 marks (5%) for successfully attending and completing all 10 tutorial workshops (1/2 mark per tutorial workshop)

7 Assessment - Assignments Two Assignments Assignment 1. Usability (5%) Assignment 2. Project Report (20%)

8 Assessment (2) Assignment 1: (5%) Usability Discussion Asks you to find examples of Design Principles (in actual Websites) Given this assignment in week 2 Week 2 tutorial workshop is based on the requirements for this assignment

9 Assessment (3) Assignment 2: (20%) Project Report Based on the work done in tutorial workshops in Weeks 4 through to 9 – but your assignment is different This will achieve two things:  an opportunity for timely feedback of your tutorial work  avoiding going in the wrong direction on your main assignment This assignment is to be completed individually – similar assignments will be awarded similar “low” marks Do not just copy your tutorial work – you need to do a lot more

10 Assessment (4) Examination Will test understanding, not just memory Can take in single A4 sheet with Hand written English language only notes on both sides of the paper (NO PHOTOCOPIES or PRINTED PAPERS) We’ll look at previous HCI exams in the last week of lectures

11 To get Info & Help will be available all the additional reading material on the ZJUT. local server complete with links to relevant internet sites If you need to - contact me please at:

12 Consultation I will be available at ZJUT for personal consultation every Tuesday afternoon

13 Reading Readings for this unit Recommended Reading Text McCracken & Wolfe, User-Centered Website Development Other Text Books Commonwealth of Australia Style manual Jenny Preece et. al., Human-Computer Interaction Required Readings Required readings are all available on your local server Recommended Web sites Will have their URL’s embedded within the lecture slides so that you can access the sites easily

14 So – let us begin And good luck

15 What is HCI? (an overview) “Human Computer Interaction is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of the major phenomena surrounding them.” As defined by the Special Interest Group on Human-Computer Interaction (SIGCHI) of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

16 HCI - A major cost shift 50 years ago the cost of a computer would pay the salaries of 200 programmers for a year People were expected to work hard to save computer time Today the salary of one programmer for a year will buy 200 computers—each vastly more powerful than the early machines Now the goal is to make computers easy to use, to save people time How well users like the system First impressions Long-term satisfaction Cost of Labour Cost of Computers

17 HCI Definitions Human = any single, group, or sequence of human users Computer = any computer: Desktop, distributed system, embedded system (e.g. washing machine), etc. Interaction = Any communication between Human and Computer, be it direct of indirect Dix et. al. p. 3

18 Goals of HCI To develop or improve the Safety Utility Effectiveness Efficiency Usability Appeal... of systems that include computers

19 Goals of HCI - Safety Safety of Users—think of Air traffic control Hospital intensive care Safety of Data—think of Protection of files from tampering Privacy and security

20 Goals of HCI - Utility and effectiveness Utility: what services a system provides; examples: Information Instruction Purchases Effectiveness: user’s ability to achieve goals; examples: Find desired information Enter credit card data

21 Utility and effectiveness are distinct A web site might provide all necessary services, but if users can’t find the items they want to buy, the site lacks effectiveness

22 Goals of HCI - Efficiency A measure of how quickly users can accomplish their goals or finish their work using the system

23 Goals of HCI - Usability Ease of learning Ease of use Can be an entire graduate course it is that complex an issue!

24 Goals of HCI - Appeal How well users like the system First impressions Long-term satisfaction

25 HCI is Different HCI is different to most other computing subject In many other subjects answers are black & white. e.g. what does the UNIX command “grep” do? In HCI there often are shades of grey. e.g. should one change the default colour for hyperlinks on a website?

26 HCI Main Disciplines Graphic design Cognitive psychology Computer science Linguistics Ergonomics Anthropology Aesthetics Artificial intelligence

27 HCI Main Disciplines (cont) Computer science Provide technological capabilities: GUI, VR, Ambient Intelligence, etc. Provide techniques: OO, Software Development Methodologies Provide tools for prototyping: e.g. VISIO, etc.

28 HCI Main Disciplines (cont) Cognitive psychology Understand human behaviour, mental process, human development, learning styles How do people interact? Perception, attention, memory

29 HCI Main Disciplines (cont) Ergonomics: Designing tools to suit the capabilities of users Focus on physical e.g. office chair, design of workstations Safety concerns e.g. Mobile Phone radiation/cancer concerns

30 HCI Main Disciplines (cont) Graphic Design Screen design Storyboarding Aesthetics (Philosophy) What is beauty?

31 HCI Main Disciplines (cont) Linguistics The study of languages Syntax of command languages (‘delete Fred’ or ‘Fred delete’?) Natural language interfaces Internationalisation

32 HCI Main Disciplines (cont) Artificial intelligence Intelligent agents Tutoring and Expert systems Natural Language Interfaces

33 HCI Main Disciplines (cont) Anthropology Study of the diversity of human cultural practices and beliefs by participant observation and comparison. Avoid any preconceptions Microsoft employs anthropologists Observing users “in the field” (unlike psychology - more lab based)

34 Course Overview Week 1: Unit Introduction & Usability Week 2: The Human Factor Week 3: Design Methods and Typography Week 4: Design with Users Week 5: Interaction Design Week 6: Information Grouping Week 7: Interface Elements Week 8: Visual Design Week 9: Navigation Week 10: Colour Week 11: Accessibility and Internationalisation Week 12: Web Design Technical Issues Week 13: The Future of HCI, and Exam Review

35 Week 1: Usability What is Usability? Affordance / Perceived Affordance Conceptual Model Visibility Mapping Feedback Constraints

36 Week 2: The Human Factor Perception Constructivism / Gestalt Memory Human Development (Piaget) Learning

37 Week 3: Design Methods & Typography Design Methods: Cost of good design Waterfall Model User Centric Design Prototyping Design Rules Typography Fonts Headings / Upper vs. Lowercase Requirements gathering System and software design Implementation and unit testing Integration and system testing

38 Week 4: Design with Users Recruiting Users User Analysis Obtaining Information from Users Environmental Analysis Task Analysis Work Flow Analysis Usability Specification Evaluation

39 Week 5: Interaction Design Interaction Design Interaction Styles Direct Manipulation Metaphors

40 Week 6: Information Grouping Information Grouping Organisational Schemes (Exact & Ambiguous) Information Grouping

41 Week 7: Interface Elements Icon design Menu design Window design (Aesthetics Test) Which icon is easier to understand that what you have just done is correct?

42 Week 8: Visual Design Aesthetics Symmetry Balance Simplicity Positioning Consistency Created using Fractal Forge 2.8.0

43 What is the site about? Where am I in the site? How do I get back to where I was before? Where have I already been? Where should I go next? How to find what I am looking for? Week 9: Navigation

44 Week 10: Colour What is colour? Hue, Saturation, Brightness Colour Schemes Colour Meanings

45 Week 11: Accessibility and Internationalism Accessibility Why? Colour Blindness Vision / Hearing Impaired Physical Disabilities Internationalism/Globalisation A blanket term referring to the process of preparing software for more than one culture, region or locale

46 Week 12: Web Design Technical Issues Colour Multi-media Browsers Forms Frames Paging vs. Scrolling User Control Designer Control CSS

47 Week 13: The Future of HCI A looking at the Future of HCI Robotics Ambient Intelligence Virtual Reality

48 Week 13: Exam Review We will look at some relevant past exam questions and there will be offered suggestions as to how you should successfully answer your exam questions Bring along any questions or queries that you might have written down so that everyone can benefit from the answers

49 Recommended Readings For the introduction to this unit so far McCracken & Wolfe, Sections Jenny Preece et. al., Human-Computer Interaction Section 2.2 (available as a download on your local server)

50 Questions?