Goal: To identify the causes of the Texas Revolution To understand the diverse culture of Texas

1. American empressario imprisoned by Mexico for seeking more rights for Texans. 2. Site of the massacre of over 400 Texan rebel prisoners. 3. Site of the first fighting between Texans and Mexico. 4. Battle that led to the capture of Mexico’s president/general, which led to Texan independence. 5. First president of Texas.

FACTORS INVOLVED IN AMERICAN SETTLEMENT IN TEXAS: 1. Tejas is sparsely settled by only about 4000 Tejanos. 2. Conflict with Native Americans deters Mexicans from moving to Texas Mexico gains independence from Spain, expands trade with US. 4. Mexico gives land grants to empresarios, such as Stephen Austin, to encourage Americans to settle in Texas.

Stephen Austin by Brand Shown here with his trusty dog and gun, Stephen F. Austin leans against a tree and considers the vast domain granted to him by the Spanish government. Austin was one of the leading landowners in Texas, as well as a leader of the Texas Revolution. (Archives Division, Texas State Library) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

– Stephen Austin granted land and is an empresario Mexico bans slavery, moves to restrict it in TX : Americans outnumber Tejanos 6 to 1. Mexico bans new immigrants from US, high taxes on US goods, moves in troops to Texas : Austin is arrested by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, President of Mexico Santa Anna becomes dictator of Mexico

1. September Mexican troops are driven out of Gonzales 2. Feb. 24, 1836 – 12 day siege of Alamo begins. Defenders led by William Travis and Juan Seguin days later siege ends with Battle of the Alamo, Santa Anna takes no prisoners and all 187 defenders die 4. March 1-2, 1836–Texans Declare Independence. Sam Houston placed in command of army 5. Santa Anna massacres 300 defenders at Goliad 6. April 21, 1836 Battle of San Jacinto makes Texas independent. 7. September Texas declares itself the Lone Star Republic.

Major Battles of the Texas Revolution, Sam Houston's victory at San Jacinto was the decisive action of the war and avenged the massacres at the Alamo and Goliad. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Fall of the Alamo by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk Although they were greatly outnumbered, Texas forces held off a siege at the Alamo by the Mexican army under Antonio López de Santa Anna. The old mission's walls were eventually breached, however, and the Texans were overcome in hand-to-hand fighting. This painting is an artist's conception of the last moments of battle, before the remaining Texans were finally defeated. (Friends of the Governor's Mansion) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Texas Revolution This map shows troop movements and the major battles in the Texas Revolution, as well as the conflicting boundary claims made by Texans and the Mexican government. The Battle of San Jacinto and the Treaty of Velasco ended the war, but the conflicting land claims continued when Mexico repudiated the treaty. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

San Jacinto Battle Flag, 1836 Texans believed that their war for independence paralleled the Revolutionary War. The lady of liberty on this banner, carried by Texans in 1836, brings to mind similar images that stirred patriots during the American Revolution. (Archives Division, Texas State Library) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

“About 3:30 in the afternoon, during the Mexican siesta period, Houston distributed his troops in battle array, bracketing the line with the "Twin Sisters" cannon. Shielded by trees and a rise in the terrain, the Texans were able to advance with some security. Then with the cries "Remember the Alamo" and "Remember La Bahia" or "Remember Goliad" ringing along their lines, the Texans swooped down on the dismayed Mexican army, pursuing and butchering them long after the battle itself had ended. 630 Mexicans were killed and 730 taken prisoner. Texans lost only 9 killed or mortally wounded; thirty were less seriously wounded. Among the latter was General Houston, whose ankle was shattered.”

Surrender of Santa Anna, by William H. Huddle