Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the Compromise of 1850. Do Now: Why were Northern states against adding Missouri to the Union, and how.

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Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the Compromise of Do Now: Why were Northern states against adding Missouri to the Union, and how was the conflict resolved? The United States Senate, A.D

Most intense debate in U.S. History John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun North should honor the Constitution and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law South wanted California Threatened to secede from U.S. (dead horse) U.S. should have two Presidents--- one from the North and one for the South Daniel Webster Daniel Webster Secession is impractical & impossible How would we split the land? The military? Compromise at all cost Preserve the Union Henry Clay Henry Clay The Great Compromiser, with John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas, propose this compromise. Compromise of 1850

a. background I. By 1849 California’s population exceeds 100,000 people II. Applies as a free state III. Disruption erupts again (most of California is below the 36 30’ line) IV. Henry Clay thinks he has solved the issue forever this time with the 1850 compromise—but it isn’t passed Compromise of 1850 I. California as a free state II. Utah and New Mexico Territories to decide themselves (popular sovereignty) III. Trading of slaves—but not slavery—banned in D.C. IV. Stricter fugitive slave law b.Compromise

U.S. Senator from the state of IllinoisU.S. Senator from the state of Illinois Solve the slavery issue through Popular SovereigntySolve the slavery issue through Popular Sovereignty let the people in each territory decide through the process of voting whether they want slavery or not.let the people in each territory decide through the process of voting whether they want slavery or not. Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the Compromise of 1850Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the Compromise of 1850 Calif. A free stateCalif. A free state Enforce a stricter Fugitive Slave LawEnforce a stricter Fugitive Slave Law Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty stop slave trade in Washington, D.C.stop slave trade in Washington, D.C. Picture/S.Douglas

Illinois (1818)Alabama (1819) Indiana (1816)Mississippi (1817) Ohio (1803)Louisiana (1812) Vermont (1791)Tennessee (1796) Rhode IslandKentucky (1792) New YorkVirginia New HampshireNorth Carolina MassachusettsSouth Carolina ConnecticutMaryland New JerseyGeorgia PennsylvaniaDelaware Maine (1820) Iowa (1846) California (1850) Michigan (1837) Wisconsin (1848) Free States Slave States Original 13 States Missouri (1821) Arkansas (1836) Florida (1845) Texas (1845)

III. People in UT and NM used popular sovereignty to decide on the slavery issue I. California became a free state. II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into two parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM). IV. The slave trade ended in Wash., D.C. V. The Fugitive Slave Law was passed.

Map Comp of 1850 Popular Sovereignty Popular Sovereignty Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether they want slavery to exist or not in their state.

I. Fugitive Slave Laws a. Slaveholders or their agents could seize a slave in the North for return b. Slaves were not entitled to a trial by jury or to testify on their own behalf c. Federal marshals had to help in the recapture of slaves d. Anyone found helping an escaped slave was fined $1,000 and/or imprisoned for 6 months. e. Effect: increased abolitionist feelings in the North. II. Personal Liberty Laws A. Passed in the North to combat the Fugitive slave laws B. Forbid state officials from assisting in captures C. Activated Abolistionists in the North. –Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

You could be fined and/or imprisoned for helping a runaway slave. Cazenovia, MA, Fugitive Slave Law Convention held on 21 and 22 August 1850; Frederick Douglass is seated at the right side of the table. The Fugitive Slave Law All Americans, by law, were required to help catch runaway slaves. This law infuriated northerners!

ABOLITIONISTS RESPOND  Denounced by Abolitionists  Harriet Beecher Stowe’s, Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published  Abolitionists refuse to enforce the law  Underground Railroad becomes more active

SOUTHERNERS RESPOND  Southerners threatened secession and war  Believed it should be enforced because the Constitution protects property

Picture/Stowe Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abolitionist, authored the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin – “So, you’re the little lady who caused this war.” Book was used as propaganda to show the inhumanity of slavery. Southerners were enraged by this book and called it “lies”.