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 a group of words that is only part of a sentence FRAGMENT: Wanted desperately to hit a home run. (The subject is missing. Who wanted? ) SENTENCE: Joe wanted desperately to hit a home run.

FRAGMENT: The man, his one leg broken. (Predicate is missing. What happened? What did he do? ) SENTENCE: The man, his one leg broken, could not make his way through the museum easily.

 two or more sentences written, incorrectly, as one Two kinds: 1.) Two or more sentences strung together without any punctuation to separate them. 2.) Comma Splice - writer uses a comma instead of a period.

Run-on The teacher gave candy to his students they immediately became hyper and got out of control. Correct The teacher gave candy to his students. They immediately became hyper and got out of control. Comma Splice His family wished to leave the island, Paul, however, was determined to stay. Correct His family wished to leave the island. Paul, however, was determined to stay.

The colon  The colon is often used to introduce a list of items Example: You will need to bring three things to the party: food, a drink, and a gift.

 You can also use a colon to introduce an explanation or a definition of something. Example: I'll tell you what I'm going to do: I'm going to quit! "Elephant (noun): a large grey mammal found in Africa and India."

 often used to join together two independent clauses (two clauses that could be sentences) Example: Mary drives a Mercedes; Joanne drives a Chevrolet. The semi-colon can also be used to join two clauses using a transition such as however, therefore, on the other hand, etc....

She works all day in a store; in addition, she takes classes in the evenings. John is Canadian; however, he lives in the United States. You should get your brakes fixed; otherwise, you might have an accident. Hundreds of people cross the border from the US to Canada every day; therefore, it is not possible to search all of them carefully.

 Correcting Fragments and Run-ons Correcting Fragments and Run-ons  Using colons and semi-colons Using colons and semi-colons