local body tissue heating - التدفئة المحلية الجسم الأنسجة complicated معقد set of physiological changes complex responses. - المعقدة الردود  Heating.

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Homeostasis A condition in which the internal environment of the body remains relatively constant despite changes in the external environment. Examples.
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Presentation transcript:

local body tissue heating - التدفئة المحلية الجسم الأنسجة complicated معقد set of physiological changes complex responses. - المعقدة الردود  Heating is MILD الطري when less than 40˚C.  VIGOROUS قوي heating occurs when tissue temperature درجة الحرارة الأنسجة reaches 40˚ - 45˚C

1. HYPEREMIA تبيغ or READNESS indicates  INCREASE BLOOD FLOW. زيادة تدفق الدم 2. Temperature increase > 45˚C زيادة درجة الحرارة  THERMAL(HEAT) PAIN & الحرارية ( الحرارة ) الألم  IRREVESIBLE TISSUE DAMAGE – BURNS. الحروق

1.Metabolism series of chemical reactions, سلسلة من التفاعلات الكيميائية will INCREASE زيادة with a RISE of temperature ارتفاع درجة الحرارة & DECREASE with a FALL of temperature. (Van’t Hoff’s Law) 2.Increase in temperature  LIVING TISSUES  DENATURE PROTEINS تفسد البروتينات

3. Temperatures > 45˚C protein damage occurs يحدث تلف البروتين destruction of cells & tissues. تدمير الخلايا والأنسجة. 4.With appropriate rise in temperature  all CELL ACTIVITY INCREASE, زيادة نشاط الخلايا INCLUDING CELL MOTILITY خلية الحركة & the synthesis & release of CHEMICAL MEDIATORS. الكيميائية وسطاء The rate of cellular interactions such as PHAGOCYTOSIS البلعمة or GROWTH is ACCELERATED. هو تسارع النمو.

Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid. اللزوجة هي مقياس لمقاومة السائل It describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow. مقاومة السوائل الداخلية للتدفق. e.g. water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity. INCREASING زيادة the temperature in the liquids lowers the viscosity. يقلل من اللزوجة.(not only the fluids in narrow vessels (Blood & Lymph), but also fluid movement with in & throughout the tissue spaces.)

1. At normal tissue temperatures, collagen primarily exhibits الكولاجين المعارض في المقام الأول elastic properties خصائص مرنة & only minimal viscous flow. E.g. Cooking of meat. 2. At temperatures within the range (40 – 45˚C), the extensibility of collagen tissue INCREASE. التمدد الزيادة نسيج الكولاجين 3. Collagen الكولاجين melts يذوب at temperature above 50˚C.

 Joint stiffness تيبس المفصل is often associated يرتبط with changes التغييرات in the visco-elastic properties of joints. فيسكو - مرونة خصائص المفاصل  Heat can RELIEVE joint stiffness. تخفيف تيبس المفاصل

1.Heat stimulate the sensory receptor مستقبلات حسية of the skin heat regulating centers مراكز تنظيم الحرارة control of body temperatures السيطرة على درجة حرارة الجسم ANALGESIC EFFECT - تأثير مسكن GATE CONTROL MECHANISM.- بوابة التحكم الآلية

1. HYPERALGESIA فرط التألم occurs in the area of heated region 2. Heating the SECONDARY afferent NERVES الأعصاب الثانوية وارد i.e. MUSCLE SPINDLE NERVE ENDINGS & GOLGI TENDON ENDINGS نهايات العضلات والأعصاب المغزل النهايات وتر غ ولجي MUSCLE SPASM DECREASE. - تشنج العضلات انخفاض

With heating the skin surface REDNESS – an ERYTHEMA الحمامي is produced.  Vasodilatation توسع وعائي occurs not only to distribute the additional heat around the body توزيع الحرارة إضافية في جميع أنحاء الجسم – compensatory heat loss, تعويضية فقدان الحرارة but also to protect the heated skin. لحماية البشرة ساخنة.

1. Increasing sweating زيادة التعرق - owing to the stimulation of ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS. المهاد الأمامي 2. Increased PULSE RATE. معدل النبض 3. Lowering of BLOOD PRESSURE ضغط الدم due to decrease in sodium concentration, loss of urea & other nitrogenous substance. 4. Increased rate of BREATHING. زيادة معدل التنفس 5. Increased elimination through KIDNEYS.