Alcohol – a drug created by a chemical reaction (fermentation) in some foods, especially fruits and grains. Drug – a substance other than food that changes the structure of the body or mind. Alcohol acts as a depressant or a drug that slows down the body’s functions and reactions, including heart and breathing rates. Alcohol use can cause people to lose their inhibitions meaning that they have no conscious or unconscious restraint on their behaviors or actions.

Why do some teens use alcohol? -Curiosity -Popularity -Feel more relaxed -More mature -Relief from stress/emotions -Media/advertisements -Parties -Peer pressure (risk of binge drinking – having several drinks in a short period of time)

Reasons Not to Drink -Adults should consume alcohol only in moderation -No more than 1 drink a day for a adult female -No more than 2 drinks a day for adult male -Minors or people under the age of 21 (legal age) -Zero Tolerance Policy– for teens and others under the age of 21 it is illegal to use -Pregnant women

Reasons Not to Drink -Taking medications that are harmful when mixed with alcohol -Recovering alcoholic or unable to control amount they drink -Medical condition that could be made worse by alcohol -Driving, planning to drive or other activity that requires skill, coordination and alertness

Reasons Not to Drink – Risk for Teens Harmful especially for teens because: - Body still growing and developing - Body still growing and developing - Harm brain’s ability to learn and remember - Harm brain’s ability to learn and remember - Difficulties in social and emotional life - Difficulties in social and emotional life - Feel bad about self (low self-esteem) - Feel bad about self (low self-esteem) - Have a hard time making friends or relating to others - Have a hard time making friends or relating to others - Disrupt sleep - Disrupt sleep - Cause more stress - Cause more stress - Trouble with the law - Trouble with the law

Alcohol and Teens Who influences teens? -Family– rules/guidance, alcoholic family member -Friends– fit it, friends doing it, think everyone is doing it -Media– advertisements, commercials, TV, movies Risks of underage drinking -Injury/death -Being a victim of a crime -Brain damage -Problems with alcohol later in life – alcoholism -Suspension from school, sports, etc.. -Trouble with the law (jail, fines, lose license) -Get a bad reputation

Good Morning Period 4– Please take out the handout from Monday. We will go over it after I have taken attendance. Period 5— Please pick up the handout by the door. Begin work on the side labeled Risks of Using Alcohol. You may use your notes, the book and I will put a word bank on the screen after the bell rings.

Concept Map: Risks of Using Alcohol Word Bank LonelyEnjoyRisks InattentiveCoverAbusive PoorlyLiePersonalities PassengersCoordinationAccident SafelySexual

Concept Map: Risks of Using Alcohol Schoolwork Suffers Teens who use alcohol do _poorly__ because they miss school, are __inattentive__, misbehave, and are irresponsible. Poor Decisions A person under the influence of alcohol might take _risks_ that he or she would not normally take. Examples of poor choices while using alcohol include _sexual_ activity, drug use, and criminal behavior.

Concept Map: Risks of Using Alcohol Driving Drunk When a person uses alcohol, his or her _coordination_, concentration, and vision are not sharp enough to drive _safely_. As a result, the chances that he or she will be in an _accident_ are high. Drunk driving is not safe for the driver or _passengers_. Violent Behavior When a person uses alcohol to _cover_ emotions of anger and sadness, he or she may suffer from mood swings that lead to violent, _abusive_ behavior.

Concept Map: Risks of Using Alcohol Damaged Relationships When people drink, their __personalities_ change, they lose interest in activities they used to _enjoy_, and they often _lie_ and do not keep their word. As a result, they push away friends and family members and become _lonely_.

A Serving of Alcohol is:

Intoxication State in which a person’s mental and physical abilities are impaired by alcohol or another substance

Blood Alcohol Concentration(BAC) The amount of alcohol in a person blood. Example: A BAC of.1 percent means one-tenth of one percent of the fluid in the blood is alcohol Legal limit.1 percent in most of USA PA is.08 percent

Blood Alcohol Concentration(BAC) Factors affecting BAC - Rate of Consumption- drinking faster than the liver can break down alcohol increases BAC - Gender- stomach and liver production is better in males. - Gender- stomach and liver production is better in males. - Body size- smaller people, higher BAC - Amount of food in the stomach --empty stomach = higher BAC

How Alcohol Affects the body - BAC

Good Morning! Please take out the BAC homework and your Alcohol Notes.

Affect on Behavior Blackout- period of time a drinker can’t recall Loss of judgment and self-control Decreases natural fears

Hangover After effects of drinking Include nausea, upset stomach, headache, sensitivity to noise

Threatening Effects Driving Under the Influence (DUI)- If have more than.08 BAC then charged with DUI, if over 21. What if you are under 21? Overdose- Taking an excessive amount of a drug that leads to a coma or death. Binge Drinking- The consumption of excessive amount of alcohol at one sitting. Affects teens more often because teens will have higher BAC then adults with use of alcohol. Interacts with other drugs

Short Term Affects on Body Systems Cardiovascular System- Heart rate and blood pressure Core body temperature decreases. Excretory System- Kidneys increase urine production. Drinker losses more water from the body then usual.

Short Term Affects on Body Systems Nervous System Brain activity slows down Coordination becomes impaired Reflexes become sluggish Digestive System Too much alcohol can cause vomiting

Short term effects of alcohol -Get drunk -Judgement impaired -Difficulty making good decisions -Slower reaction time/reflexes -Impaired vision -Poor balance and coordination -Memory loss -Slurred speech -Lack of self-control -Brain and nervous system messages slowed down (depressant) -Kidneys produce more urine, causes dehydration -Heart rate increases -Skin becomes warmer/flushed, core body temperature drops -drowsiness -Overdose (alcohol poisoning) -Stomachache -Headache -Hangover

Long Term Risks of Alcohol Brain Destroys nerve cells Impairs memory and ability to concentrate Seriously affects teenagers Liver Interferes with its ability to break down fats Cirrhosis- The fat-filled liver cells die, leaving behind useless scar tissue. Can lead to liver failure and death.

Long Term Risks of Alcohol Heart Increase blood pressure, irregular heart beat Build up of fatty deposits increase risk of heart attack Digestive System Increase risk of mouth, tongue, stomach cancer Chronic diarrhea, indigestion, heartburn, ulcers

Long term effects of alcohol - Liver damage (cirrhosis – scarring of liver) -Ulcers/sores in stomach, other digestive problems -Pregnant woman – risk child having fetal alcohol syndrome -Addiction/dependency – alcoholism -Long term memory loss, brain damage -Cancer -Heart disease -Depression -Death

Alcoholism-- disease in which people can no longer control their use of alcohol Dependence - brain develops a chemical need for alcohol and can’t function normally without it Addiction - results and the drinker has no control over his/her drinking; affects the brain causing… Tolerance– state in which the drinker’s body needs more alcohol to achieve the original effect Stage 1– drinker uses alcohol to relieve stress from problems Stage 2- drinker can’t stop after one drink and feels a constant need to drink Stage 3– drinker rapidly loses physical, mental and emotional health

Alcoholism’s Effects on Others Unpredictable behavior EmbarrassmentViolenceNeglect Money problems Legal problems Divorce Medical Expenses Clinics/Rehab Centers Injuries Loss of productivity 150,000 deaths per year

Stages of Treatment Acknowledge the problem – ask for help Detoxification - alcohol is removed from the body Rehabilitation – learning to cope with everyday life without alcohol

Refusal Skills prepare for peer pressure stick to your decision--- Say “no” firmly Tell why not Offer another idea Promptly leave avoid high pressure situations find alternatives to parties refuse rides from drinkers

Intoxication The more a person drinks, the more _drunk_ he or she becomes. Intoxication is measured by the _blood_ alcohol concentration. The Brain and Nervous System A person’s judgment, ability to think and to make _decisions_,reaction time, motor skills, and self-control are more _impaired_ with each drink. Alcohol is a _depressant_, a drug that slows down the activity of the brain and the nervous system, so _messages_ do not get through. Concept Map– Short Term Effects

Heart Rate As a person drinks, the blood vessels get _wider_ bringing blood closer to the surface of the skin and making the person feel _warmer_ even though his or her temperature is _dropping_. Liver and Kidneys When a person drinks more alcohol than the liver can __filter__ the alcohol stays in his or her blood. As the kidneys produce more urine, the person becomes __dehydrated__.

Concept Map– Long Term Effects Liver and Kidneys Damage to the liver results in cirrhosis, which is scarring and _destruction_ of the liver tissue. Stomach Ulcers or open _sores_ in the stomach lining form over time and are painful. Pregnancy The babies of women who _drink_ while they are pregnant are born with fetal alcohol syndrome, causing birth defects and _learning_ problems.

Concept Map– Long Term Effects Alcoholics Alcoholics can _overcome_ their addiction with the support of groups like Alcoholics Anonymous Addiction The disease of alcoholism, _addiction_ to alcohol, can progress to the point where alcohol is the most _important_, the controlling element, of an alcoholic’s life. Addiction Since alcohol is an _addictive_ drug, a person develops a physical and psychological need for the drug and feels _sick_ without it.

Alcohol– LongTerm Effects Kidney disease Liver disease cirrhosisAddiction/dependencyAlcoholism Alcohol poisoning Memory loss Cancer  Heart disease  Fetal alcohol syndrome  Brain damage  Heart problems  Digestive problems Ulcers/diarrhea  Death  Accident

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