Aim: How does genetic engineering compare and contrast to selective breeding?

The Selective Breeding Game: What would you expect their offspring to look like? Women’s TraitsMen’s Traits

Selective Breeding/ Artificial Selection

What is Breeding? To produce offspring

What is meant by being Selective? The power to choose or pick out from among others. What music do you like?

Can you now define Selective Breeding? The process of choosing a few organisms with desirable traits to serve as the parents of the next generation.

Types of Selective Breeding: + Hybridization/Crossbreeding: is the process of crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms.

Real Example of Hybridization: + = HorseDonkeyMule Big, Fast, Excitable Small, Slow, Calm Strong, Calm Endurance, The hybrid is often stronger and hardier than its parents: Hybrid Vigor Hybrid

Real Example of Hybridization: American horticulturist Luther Burbank ( ) developed a special potato. Burbank, while trying to improve the Irish potato, developed a hybrid that was more disease resistant. He introduced the Burbank potato to Ireland to help combat the blight epidemic. Burbank’s hybrid crosses combined the disease resistance of one plant with the food-producing capacity of another.

Types of Selective Breeding: Inbreeding: is the continued breeding of organisms with similar characteristics Breeders try to maintain certain characteristics.

Inbreeding: Advantages: - desirable traits, like resistance to disease or strength of an organism, are collected. Disadvantages: -recessive disorders tend to increase.

Risks of Inbreeding: What is a Recessive Disorder? Tay-Sachs Disease An inherited disorder that occurs when the offspring receives a “bad” gene from each parent. 1 out of 27 Jews are carriers for this disease. Chromosome pair 15

Types of Selective Breeding: Mass Selection: is choosing the best plants and animals from a large number for further breeding.

What are some benefits of selective breeding? 1)Produce crops resistant to disease. 2)Produce crops that are bigger 3)Produce animals that have less fat. 4)Seedless fruit!!!

Genetic Engineering vs. Selective Breeding: Genetic engineering requires the altering of genes to get desired characteristics. Selective Breeding utilizes Natural reproduction to get desired characteristics.

Causes of Genetic Disease: N = normal gene (Dominant) n = disease causing gene (Recessive) Individuals carry two genes for the same trait (alleles). We get one gene from our mom and one gene from dad. Gene

Genetic Defects: NN = This individual has two copies of the normal gene and the offspring will be OK. Nn = This individual has one good gene and one bad gene. This individual is OK, but it is possible that offspring could be affected. nn = Person has the disease.

Genetic Defects: Nn + Nn Offspring nn is possible 25% chance of disease, 50% carrier Ex: Tay-Sachs Disease This is a genetic disease that mainly affects Jewish people of Eastern European descent. 1 out of 27 Jews are carriers for this disease.