Logo here… Impact of long-term wheat production management practices on soil acidity, phosphorus and some micronutrients in a semi-arid Plinthosol P.F.

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logo here… Impact of long-term wheat production management practices on soil acidity, phosphorus and some micronutrients in a semi-arid Plinthosol P.F. Loke, E. Kotzé & C.C. Du Preez Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 10 th Inkaba yeAfrica/!Khure Africa (AEON) Conference/Workshop Lord Milner Hotel, Matjiesfontein - Karoo 29 September – 3 October 2014

Introduction Soil vs Bank Acc. Objectives: - Evaluate long-term effects of wheat production management practices on soil acidity and some essential nutrients. -Establish whether differences in wheat grain yield occurred as a result of the applied treatments. NB: You withdraw only what you put in.

Material and methods  Treatments:  Sampling and analysis: six soil layers and analyzed for pH, P, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn Stubble Mulch (SM) Ploughing (MP) No-tillage (NT) -Straw was burned (B) or left unburned (UnB) -Weeds were controlled chemically (Chem) or Mechanically (Mech) Plinthosol Layers (mm)

Results Soil prop. Depth (mm) Straw TillWeed Optimum values UnBBNTSMMPChemMech pH P > Cu > Fe > Mn > Zn > Weighted means of soil pH(H 2 O) and some nutrients (mg kg -1 ) to 150 mm and 250 mm soil depths inside the trial cropped annually with wheat

Period Straw Till Weed UnBBHSD T NTSMMPHSD T ChemMechHSD T ns ns ns ns ns Effect of straw management, tillage and weeding methods on wheat grain yield (t ha -1 ) over 32 years HSD T significant at P < 0.05 ns = non-significant Conclusion  It is evident that proper crop residue management can improve soil fertility.  However, more work needs to be done to identify and rectify yield associated problems that resulted in lower yields in No-tilled and stubble mulched plots.

Currently The influence of land use on organic matter content and related components on Vertisols: Land use: -Grassland-to-cropland conversion chronosequence -Cropland-to-grassland reversion chronosequence -Grassland (reference) Parameters: 1. Organic matter content: SOC and TN stocks (Mg/ha) 2. Related components: Labile organic matter fractions, Microbial residues (Amino sugars and Glomalin), lignin, humic substances, soil enzymes and Isotopic signatures of SOM ( 13 C and 15 N)

Thank You Grassland to Cropland Cropland to Grassland