Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 1 Wheat Growth and Development Presentation by: Chad Lee, Grain Crops Extension Specialist University of Kentucky.

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Presentation transcript:

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 1 Wheat Growth and Development Presentation by: Chad Lee, Grain Crops Extension Specialist University of Kentucky

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 2 Most of the information comes from: ID-125: A Comprehensive Guide to Wheat Management in Kentucky

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 3 Objectives Review Growth Stages Freeze Sensitivity Key developmental stages

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 4 Wheat in Kentucky: Soft Red Winter Wheat Flour for cookies, pastries, crackers, etc. 4 th most valuable crop in Kentucky. Approximately 400,000 acres raised for grain.

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 5 Wheat Growth Stages Growth Period FeekesDescription Tillering1 - 5 One shoot through pseudo-stem. Stem Extension 6 – 10 First node visible through flag leaf sheath fully visible. Heading10.1 – 10.5 First spikelet of head visible through All heads out of sheaths. Flowering Beginning of flowering through flowering completed. Ripening11.1 – 11.4 Milky ripe seeds to ripe for harvesting.

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 6 Important Steps in Development Tiller NumberFeekes 6 Head SizeFeekes 3 Kernel NumberFeekes 5-6 Kernel SizeFeekes

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 7 Feekes Scale StageScale Tillering1-5 Stem Extension6-10 Heading Flowering Ripening

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 8 Feekes Scale StageScaleDescription Tillering1 One shoot, first leaf through coleoptile. 2 Beginning tillering: one shoot, one tiller. 3 Tillers formed, leaves often twisted spirally. Main shoot and six tillers. In some varieties, plant may be creeping.

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 9 Feekes Scale StageScaleDescription Tillering4 Start of erection of pseudo- stem; leaf sheaths beginning to lengthen. 5 Pseudo-stem (formed by sheaths of leaves) strongly erected.

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 10 Feekes Scale StageScaleDescription Stem Extension 6 1 st node of main stem visible at base of shoot. 7 2 nd node of main stem; next to last leaf visible. 8 Flag leaf (last leaf) visible but still rolled up; ear beginning to swell. 9 Ligule of flag leaf just visible. 10 Sheath of flag leaf completely grown out; ear swollen but not yet visible.

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 11 Feekes Scale StageScaleDescription Heading10.1 First spikelet of head just visible ¼ of heading process completed ½ of heading process completed ¾ of heading process completed All heads out of sheath.

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 12 Feekes Scale StageScaleDescription Flowering10.51 Beginning of flowering Flowering complete to top of head Flowering complete at base of head Flowering complete; kernel watery ripe.

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 13 Feekes Scale StageScaleDescription Ripening11.1 Milky ripe Mealy rip; contents of kernel soft but dry Kernel hard (difficult to divide with thumbnail) 11.4 Ripe for cutting. Straw dead.

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 14 Freeze Injury to Wheat

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 15 Freeze Injury to Wheat Stage Feekes Stage Approx. Injurious Temp., 2 hrs (ºF) Yield Effect Tillering1-512Slight to Moderate Jointing6-724Moderate to Severe Boot1028Moderate to Severe Heading Severe

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 16 Freeze Injury to Wheat Stage Feekes Stage Approx. Injurious Temp., 2 hrs (ºF) Yield Effect Flowering Severe Milk11.128Moderate to Severe Dough11.228Slight to Moderate

Chad Lee © 2006 University of Kentucky 17