War of 1812 Tale of the Tape: Who: United States vs British (US invaded Canada, but it didn’t work)Who: United States vs British (US invaded Canada, but it didn’t work) When: 1812 (duh!) until 1814/15 (I’ll explain later)When: 1812 (duh!) until 1814/15 (I’ll explain later) Where: Great Lakes, Canada, East Coast, New OrleansWhere: Great Lakes, Canada, East Coast, New Orleans Why: You’ll find outWhy: You’ll find out Result: Stay tunedResult: Stay tuned

James Madison President

Dolly Madison

1. Freedom of the Seas 1. Freedom of the Seas England and France at War Both Blockading American Shipping, but… England had 900 ships – better blockade Impressment of American sailors – kidnapping sailors off of American ships and forcing them to serve in the British Navy

 Britain impressed over 6,000 American sailors.

Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”

Q June 21, Q British Captain fired on the USS Chesapeake. Q 3 dead, 18 wounded. Q kidnapped 4 American sailors Q British Foreign Office said it was a mistake. Q Jefferson’s Response: § Forbade British ships to dock in American ports. § Ordered state governors to call up as many as 100,000 militiamen.

The Embargo Act (1807) The “OGRABME” Turtle Q Forbade export of all goods from the US. Q Unexpected Consequences: § 1807 exports  $108 mil. § 1808 exports  $ 22 mil.

The Non-Intercourse Act (1809) Q Replaced the Embargo Act. Q Reopened trade with all nations EXCEPT Britain and France. Q Remained U. S. policy until Q Unexpected Consequences: § N. Eng. was forced to become self- sufficient again [old factories reopened]. § Laid the groundwork for US industrial power. § Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!

2. Indian War in the Ohio River Valley

Belief that the Hudson’s Bay Company was behind the Indian uprising in the Ohio River Valley Tecumseh

Tecumseh Confederacy

“War Hawks” in Congress Henry Clay Kentucky John C. Calhoun South Carolina

3. National Pride Political Cartoon of the Period 3. National Pride Political Cartoon of the Period The British be dissin’ us, man!

“Mr. Madison’s War!” President Madison sends British an U UU Ultimatum: Stop messin’ with our ships or we’ll have to declare war. (Why would England care?) Shortly after his message arrives, the British Prime Minister is assassinated Their government is in an uproar And they forget to respond to US ultimatum THE ULTIMATE DIS! So Madison asks Congress to declare War! and a week later a message arrives from British saying they will leave our ships alone Oops! Too late

American Problems Q The US was unprepared militarily:  Had a 14-ship navy vs. Britain’s 900 ships.  Americans disliked a draft preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. Q Financially unprepared:  Flood of paper $.  Revenue from import tariffs declined. Q Regional disagreements – New England Federalists opposed the war -Western Democratic-Republicans supported it

But… USS Constitution defeats the HMS Guerriere

and… Also defeats the HMS Java

So… US feels proud

Campaigns of 1813 and Invades Canada!

Battle of Put in Bay 1813 “We have met the enemy, and he is ours.”

“Don’t give up the ship”

Overview of the War

The White House Is Burning; The British Are Coming, AGAIN!! (August 24, 1814)

Battle of Fort McHenry, 1814 And the rockets red glare The bombs bursting in air…

Gave proof through the night, That our flag was still there.. Oh say, does that Star Spangled Banner yet wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave? -- Francis Scott Key “The Defense of Fort McHenry”

Treaty of Ghent December 24, 1814 The status quo ante bellum.

Overview of the War

The Battle of New Orleans, January 8, 1815

So was it a tie?

Did the USA gain anything? No more blockadeNo more blockade No more impressmentNo more impressment No more Indian war – Tecumseh had been killed in 1813No more Indian war – Tecumseh had been killed in 1813 National symbols:National symbols: Star Spangled Banner, Star Spangled Banner, Old Ironsides, Old Ironsides, “Don’t give up the ship” “Don’t give up the ship” “We have met the enemy and he is ours” “We have met the enemy and he is ours” International respectInternational respect A New National Hero…A New National Hero…

“Old Hickory” – Andrew Jackson

Happy Thanksgiving!