CHAPTER FIVE IT Infrastructure end Emerging Technologies

Introduction Parts of an IT infrastructure Trends in computer software infrastructure Infrastructure challenges

Parts of an IT Infrastructure Hardware Software (Operating System) ERP Networking Web Service (Internet) platform Data and Storage Mobile presence Virtualization Cloud

Infrastructure (Hardware) I omit the history of computing as it was discussed in the history of computers lecture Moore’s law (speed doubles every year) Metcalfe’s law (value = number of nodes squared) There is some fascinating research out there at the atomic or near atomic level

Infrastructure (OS Software) It’s very distilled UNIX Linux (derived from the ideas of UNIX) Mac OS (somewhat derived from UNIX) Android (derived from LINUX) iOS (derived from Apples) Windows (derived from ???)

Infrastructure (ERP) Some of the most complicated systems in existence My Definition: All of an organization’s business processes are integrated into a single system (SCM, CRM, accounting, finance, manufacturing, along with specialized function applicable to specific industries) SAP / ORACLE / EPIC / Dynamics

Infrastructure (Networking) Someone has to provide the connection Charter / AT&T / Verizon And all of the networking equipment We will discuss networking in more detail in later chapters

Infrastructure (Internet Presence) Web hosting Internal We provide hardware and web server(s) to host our web site and other necessary services External We rent those services from other providers Rackspace / Amazon (AWS)

Infrastructure (Data and Storage) Characterized by large disk subsystems Storage area networks (SAN) NAS network attached storage EMC provides several solutions A database management system SQL Server, MySql, Oracle More in the database chapter

Infrastructure (Mobile) Here we have all of those tablets and telephones Android / iOS / etc.. Mobile apps for production and sales force automation Connect to back-end ERP systems

Virtualization We look at computers as logical units instead of physical units Hardware becomes virtual Providers VMWare** Microsoft Sun And many others

Virtualization (Benefits) Better utilization of resources Simplified system administration Reduced power consumption Improved fault tolerance

Virtualization (Implementation) A physical machine is partitioned into many logical machines Each virtualized machine is independent of the other A virtualized machine can be easily moved from one physical machine to another Improved security

Virtualization (Illustration)

Hyper-V Manager (Microsoft)

The Cloud (Introduction) Public clouds We all use them Private clouds Exist inside of a company Virtual clouds Hybrid of public and private clouds

Public Clouds Gartner defines public cloud computing as a style of computing where scalable and elastic IT- enabled capabilities are provided as a service to external customers using Internet technologies A list of cloud providers providers/top-100-cloud-services-providers-list-2013-ranked-0 providers/top-100-cloud-services-providers-list-2013-ranked-0

Private Clouds They are actually more prevalent than public clouds to Store and archive data The company becomes a service provider Used by large companies demanding extensive compute power or storage Boeing / Big Pharma

Virtual Private Clouds (Hybrid) A Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) is an on demand configurable pool of shared computing resources allocated within a public cloud environment, providing certain level of isolation between the different organizations (denoted as users hereafter) using the resourcescloud

Cloud Utilization Source: research-report.html

Cloud Characteristics On Demand – Obtain and consume resources as needed Ubiquitious – Access from anywhere Location-independent Elastic – Like on demand. We can provision easily Measured service – charges based on usage

Infrastructure (Not really?) Your book mentions Green Computing We all want to cut power consumption High performance processors Just part of everything

Software Trends I’m not on the same page as your book here Java and HTML have been around a long time The environments have matured Web Services and SOA This is a trend but it’s been around for a while

Service Oriented Architecture (Introduction) Encapsulates a repeatable business task or process into a service SOA is an architecture rather than a tool or product you purchase Services are loosely coupled Services can be used individually or joined together Services are typically based on XML and XML-based protocols

Cloud Stack

Infrastructure as Service (IaaS) - 1 Physical or virtual computing infrastructure (servers, storage, networking) are outsourced to external companies We manage the operating system and applications running on these servers Risks HIPPA, ITAR, gaming compliance Benefits Cost reductions, hardware expansion / contraction flexibility

Infrastructure as Service (IaaS) - 2 Amazon EC2 provides hosted servers We can purchase SAP HANA instances on the EC2 We can purchase Windows instances on the EC2 Microsoft Azure provides hosted Windows and SQL Server instances in the cloud Rackspace provides similar services

Platform as a Service (PaaS) -1 Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a paradigm for delivering operating systems and associated services over the Internet without downloads or installation We extend Salesforce.com through their application programming interfaces (APIs) oc?id=integrate_what_is_api.htm oc?id=integrate_what_is_api.htm We talk to Facebook through its APIs

Software as a Service (SaaS) - 1 SaaS provides access to specific application software through the cloud Salesforce.com is built on this model We access the software entirely through the Web UNR is adopting workday for their financial systems Apprenda.com

Software as a Service (SaaS) -2 Google Apps is akin to a web-based version of Office s/business/ s/business/ Office 365 is office in the cloud

Web Services (Your Book) Your book defines them as “a set of loosely coupled software components that exchange information with each other using universal Web protocols and languages”

Web Services (My Definition) A standardized way of requesting information from heterogeneous computer systems They often encapsulate a business process or group of business processes Make a bank deposit Ship a FedEx package

Web Services (Technical Details) Steps Programs make a request to a Web service Many ways to do this but often times it’s a URL The service returns data in the form of XML or JSON Your program processes that data returned by the service

Software Outsourcing Instead of maintaining software in- house, we let someone else do it Rackspace will run your database Microsoft will run dynamics We might run this in the cloud

Infrastructure Challenges Change management How to we train / manage workers in an ever changing environment How do we migrate legacy systems to these new paradigm Scalability How do we expand hardware platforms while preserving investments Server farms Clouds

Infrastructure Challenges Fault tolerance What happens when a component break? Governance Who manages the IT infrastructure? Who pays for it?

Total Cost of Ownership Look at direct and indirect costs of IT infrastructure Hardware Software Installation Training Support Hardware and software maintenance Energy