Count and non count nouns There are two kinds of nouns in English Count nouns. Noncount nouns.

Count nouns: Count nouns are nouns that you can count: One cup, two pencils, five chairs, twenty seven students. We use a or an before count nouns. A is used before words that begin with a consonant sound. An before singular count nouns that begin with a vowel sound. P 43

TYPE OF NOUN HOW TO FORM THE PLURAL EXAMPLES Most nouns Add – s. Banana – bananas Cup - cups Nouns that end in ch, s, sh, ss, and x Add – es. Lunch – lunches Class - classes Nouns that end in consonant + y Change the y to i and add - es. City – cities Family - families Nouns that end in o Add - es Mango – mangoes Potato - potatoes Nouns that end in - f Change f to v and add - es Half – halves Exception: Roof - roofs Nouns that end in fe Change f to v and add - s Knife – knives Life – lives p 44

Non count nouns Non count nouns are things that we can’t or don’t usually count, they do not have singular or plural form. We do not use a or an with non count nouns. Instead we use phrases with non count nouns that tell quantity such as :- a lot of, a little, some, any, two cups of etc.. Examples:- I put some sugar in my coffee. We have a lot of home work.

Examples of common non count nouns: CATEGORIES EXAMPLES food Bread, butter, cheese, chicken, fish, flour, pepper, liquid Coffee, juice, milk, soda, tea, waster subjects Chemistry, English, history, math, music Abstract ideas Anger, beauty, humor, justice, knowledge, love, luck others Furniture, homework, information, money, software. P 45

TIME – ORDER SIGNAL WORDS In organizing the supporting sentences in a paragraph, we use time order signals. Signal words are used to connect ideas in a paragraph, so that it help guiding the reader from one idea to the next. Time order signal words: First, First of all, Next Second, Then , Finally, Third, After that, P 46

Grammar: Imperative sentences. An imperative sentence expresses a command or a request. When we give someone instructions, we often use imperative sentences. In an imperative sentence the subject is always you, but it is not stated. Imperative sentence begin with the base form of a verb.

We use: Do + not (or Don’t) + base form of the verb in forming Negative imperative Statements - Press the bottom start - Close the door. - Add the sugar. - Slow down. Negative statements - Don’t make any loud noise - Don’t let the water boils. Do not add too much salt. P 47- 48