Early Renaissance Architecture Architecture of this period was not an imitation but a reinterpretation of Greco- Roman style Filippo Brunelleschi ( ) architect, sculptor, and theorist Leon Battista Alberti humanist and architect Rational architecture, reflecting natural laws created by rational individuals

The Florence Cathedral Brunelleschi won a civic competition for the design of the dome for this church The dome is considered the largest constructed since that of the Pantheon in Rome Brunelleschi designed an interlocking system of ribs that operated like hidden flying buttresses Cross section at base is 11ft. x 7ft.

Pazzi Chapel Brunelleschi designed this chapel for the wealthy Pazzi family of Florence He continued using the dome on his architectural designs as shown in this picture

The interior of the Pazzi Chapel Brunelleschi broke with the tradition of the one’s gaze heavenward The Pazzi Chapel fixes the beholder decisively on earth Inside are gray stone moldings and gray Corinthian pilasters – shallow, flattened, rectangular columns that are molded to the wall

Townhouse of the Rucellai family of Florence ( ) Designed by Alberti and the architect was Bernardo Rossellino This structure broke free from the classical order Rows of arcaded windows appear on the upper stories, while square windows placed well above the street accent the lowest levels

The west façade of Santa Maria Novella in Florence (c. 1470) Alberti produced an eloquent pattern of geometric shapes ordered by a perfect square The height of the dominantly gray and green marble façade exactly equals its width

The Renaissance Portrait Renaissance portraiture was an expression of two impulses: the desire to immortalize oneself and to publicize one’s greatness Portraiture was popular among the rising urban elite Jan van Eyck (1370/ ) credited for painting the first secular couple in domestic interior as well as the first psychological portrait

Marriage of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Bride (1434) by Jan van Eyck The first portrait of the period to portray a secular couple in a domestic interior There are many objects in the painting that suggest a sacred union The burning candle symbolizes the divine presence of Christ, the dog represents fidelity, the fruit alludes to the biblical union of Adam and Eve, the carved image of Saint Margaret (patron of women and childbirth)

Self-Portrait of Jan van Eyck Eyck was the first artist to introduce the psychological portrait – the portrait that gave clues to a persons temperament, character, or unique personality of the subject What does this self-portrait say about Jan van Eyck?

Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa is considered the world’s best- know portrait Behind the figure there is landscape, this was a new perspective in portrait paintings The Mona Lisa was probably the wife of the Florentine banker Francesco del Giocondo The Mona Lisa depicts 15 th century female fashion – shaved eyebrows and plucked hairline Mona Lisa (ca )

Created by Florentine sculptor Andrea de Verrocchio ( ) Sculptor made this sculpture of Lorenzo de’ Medici reminiscent of Roman portraiture

Equestrian statue of Bartolommeo Colleoni (ca ) Created by Renaissance sculptor Andrea del Verrocchio Commissioned to commemorate the mercenary soldier’s military victories on behalf of the city of Venice Unlike previous sculptures, Verrocchio takes into consideration the body movements of the horse and of his subject to make it look alive and in motion

Renaissance Artist-Scientists Artists of the period were motivated to analyze and record the natural world Painting constituted a window on nature The invention of linear perspective, a tool used for the translation of three-dimensional space onto a two-dimensional surface Leonardo da Vinci ( ) personified the Renaissance artist-scientist Michelangelo Buonarroti ( ) famous sculptor of the period

Trinity with the Virgin, Saint John the Evangelist and Donors (ca ) Masaccio is credited with mastering the method of perspective in his artwork The lines of the painted barrel vault above the Trinity recede and converge at a vanishing point located at the foot of the Cross, thus corresponding with the eye-level of viewers standing below

Masaccio executed these frescoes for the Brancacci Chapel in Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence

This is a scene from the Brancacci Chapel called The Tribute Money, a scene based on the Gospel story in which Jesus honors the demands of the Roman state by paying a tax or “tribute” Masaccio depicts three scenes in this painting: in the middle, Jesus is instructing Peter, on the left side, the Apostle Peter is gathering money from the mouth of a fish, on the right side, Peter is shown delivering the coins to the Roman tax collector

Embryo in the Womb, ca Wing Construction for a Flying Machine, ca Between 1489 and 1518, Leonardo da Vinci produced thousands of drawings accompanied by notes

Proportional Study of Man in the Manner of Vitruvius, ca. 1487

Da Vinci’s Last Supper, ca This painting adorns the wall of the refectory (the monastery dining room) of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan In this painting, Da Vinci portrays the moment Jesus tells his disciples that one of them would betray him The scene depicts the reaction of the apostles after hearing the news

Renaissance Music Before the Renaissance, music was mainly religious Themes of Renaissance music included courtly love and were written in many languages The printing press encouraged preservation and distribution of music Guillaume Dufay ( )