Effective Writing I APA, Paraphrasing, and Quoting We will begin on time. Until then, enjoy chatting with one another. Please make sure you can hear the music playing so you will be able to hear the seminar. Mary Barnette

Review: The Heroic Writer’s Journey  Thesis?  Paragraphs?  Academic Writing?  ?s

Unit 4 Seminar: APA, Paraphrasing, and Quoting This week we will discuss APA, why we use it, and how to use it correctly.

What is APA style? A standard, agreed upon way of formatting an academic paper and documenting sources. An expectation of academic writers and of professionals in certain fields. A loyal friend who will make you look good and sound even more intelligent A somewhat boring, but not impossible task that you can learn by copying

What is the purpose of using and documenting sources? Sources are the ways writers obtain additional information for their papers. Sources may be primary: The writer becomes the researcher (e.g., observations, interviews, surveys, personal experience) The writer uses ‘raw data’ (e.g., the U.S. Census) that hasn’t been interpreted by others

What is the purpose of using and documenting sources? Sources may be secondary: Scholarly books, peer-reviewed articles, etc. Sources are part of the ongoing dialog within a field of study that will include you.

What is the purpose of using and documenting sources? Why document sources? Credit should be given for our work. ‘Intellectual property’ must not be stolen. Writers will be more credible in the view of their audience. [We want that in an academic or job-related context when faculty, supervisors, clients, etc. are evaluating our work, right?]

What’s in it for me? An opinion can’t be wrong, right? Doesn’t my professor/boss/co- worker/client, etc. want to hear what I think? Who’s going to care if I have the citations and references included? Isn’t this just another one of those “English teacher” things? I’m tempted to just not do it. I can’t get marked down outside of a Composition class, right?

What is Plagiarism?

What is plagiarism? What is plagiarism and how can it be avoided? Styles of citation- APA, MLA, ASA, AMA. We typically use APA at Kaplan University. Using a good reference for citation.

Why is plagiarism wrong?

How Can Plagiarism Be Avoided?

How are sources integrated into the paper? Introduce the source to your audience with an attributive tag the first time it is used: According to Michael Keathley (2010, September 17), Kaplan University faculty member, students love writing and look forward to the weekly CM 107 audio seminars.

How are sources integrated into the paper? Use a mixture of paraphrases, summaries, and direct quotations. Use quotations sparingly and be sure to indicate them with “quotation marks” and page/paragraph numbers. Be sure to make it a smooth transition into and out of the source information.

Begin with the References page:

Use the References page to form the in-text citations: In-text citations always use what comes first on the References page entries This is always a name or the first 2-3 words of a title Add the copyright date and page/paragraph number if it is a direct quotation In-text citations are never URLs Make sure that all in-text citations have a complete listing on the References page; make sure that all References page listings have in-text citations Never cite yourself; you’re the author

Paraphrasing, summarizing, and direct quotations What are paraphrasing and summarizing and why are they necessary? What is the correct way to paraphrase and summarize? Why should we use more paraphrasing and summarizing than direct quotes in our papers? When should we use direct quotation? How much of our paper should be directly quoted? Let us get some practice paraphrasing.

Citation is required in two places Citation is required in two places– as in-text citation and references page citation. Some of the basics of in-text citation. What we need to include for references page citation. Let us get some citation practice.

internal citation Internal Citation Internal citation refers to citation information placed inside the body, or text, of your essay.

Let’s Practice Here is some information. How would you do an internal citation? What parts will we need? “Citing sources is fairly easy if you just keep a good handbook close by.” Mary Barnette Writing Term Papers Is Easy Valley, Alabama 2011 Page 115 What would the internal citation look like?

Let’s Practice Answer (internal) According to Barnette (2009), “Citing sources is fairly easy if you just keep a good handbook close by” (p. 115). NOTE: If using electronic sources or paraphrases, no page number is used.

Let’s Practice Here is some information. How would you do a reference citation? What parts do we need? “Citing sources is fairly easy if you just keep a good handbook close by.” Mary Barnette “Quick Tips for Writing in College” The College Writer 2011 Volume 45 Number 21 Pages Feb What would the reference citation look like?

Let’s Practice Answer (reference) Barnette, M. (February 2011). Quick tips for writing in college. The College Writer, 45(21). Retrieved 19 Mar from Business Source Premier. Note: No page number is used when online databases are used.

Any remaining questions and concerns? Looking at this week’s work. Weekly assignments Reading Discussion Boards Seminar Check up

Congratulations! You are ready to go forth and cite your references! Does anyone have any questions? Please remember I am on AIM 24/7. When you have a problem, concern, or question, be sure to drop me an IM. I’ll see it faster than anything else.