THE NATION BREAKS APART CH 16: the Civil War

1. LINCOLN’S PRESIDENCY Lincoln addressed the Union of States when he said, “I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.” He did not plan to deal with slavery.

2. LINCOLN’S CALL “No state, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the Union…..” – President Lincoln Lincoln was referring to South Carolina

3. SOUTH SECEDES “Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came.” – Lincoln Lincoln held the Confederacy responsible for the Civil War

4. SOUTH SECEDES Lincoln addressed the Southern secession when he said, “All profess to be content in the Union if all constitutional rights can be maintained. Is it true, then, than any right plainly written in the Constitution has been denied? I think not....”

5. ECONOMY OF THE STATES The North and South were contrasted by their different economic industries. Northern states had more industry and factories.

6. ECONOMY OF THE STATES Lincoln’s leadership led the North to victory by taking advantage of the North’s industrial manufacturing resources.

7. ECONOMY OF THE STATES Northern industrial states relied on a mobile labor force while Southern agriculture used slave labor.

8. ECONOMY OF THE STATES Southern whites on small farms supported slavery even though they did not have slaves because they were interconnected with the slave economy on plantations.

9. WAR BEGINS The tariff issue of 1832 and secession of the Southern states both concerned the constitutional issue of states’ rights. Sectionalism, Slavery, and the issue over States’ Rights all led to the Civil War

10. WAR BEGINS As Lexington began the Revolutionary War, Fort Sumter in South Carolina began the Civil War. Confederate President Jefferson Davis depended on General Robert E. Lee to lead his troops in the Civil War.

11. CIVIL WAR BATTLES The Battle of Antietam forced a Confederate retreat and resulted in the highest number of casualties for a single day in American military history.

12. CIVIL WAR BATTLES The Battle of Vicksburg was a turning point in the war because it isolated the western part of the Confederacy.

13. CIVIL WAR BATTLES The Mississippi River contributed to the Union victory of the Civil War because Union forces used the river to divide the Confederacy.

14. CIVIL WAR BATTLES The Battle of Gettysburg is to the Civil War and the Battle of Saratoga is to the Civil War.

15. CIVIL WAR BATTLES After Union General Sherman destroyed Atlanta and much of Georgia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his forces at Appomattox Court House in 1865.

16. CIVIL WAR BATTLES As the Battle of Yorktown ended the Revolutionary War, Appomattox Court House ended the Civil War.

17. ECONOMIC IMPACT ON SOUTHERN STATES Farm production fell Battles destroyed plantations & homes Inflation led to loss of currency value Blockade destroyed the cotton trade.

18. GETTYSBURG ADDRESS After the Battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln addressed the dedication of the cemetery of fallen soldiers, both Union and Confederate, and evoked a message of national healing and reconciliation.

19. GETTYSBURG ADDRESS “Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure…” –Abraham Lincoln

20. EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION When the Civil War was over, there would be no more compromising on the issue of human slavery. “…all persons held as slaves within any State…shall be then…forever free..” President Lincoln in the Emancipation Proclamation

21. EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Lincoln in 1863, directly impacted the 13 th Amendment, which formally abolished slavery in the U.S.

22. ONE UNION UNDER GOD Although the war led to the abolition of slavery, the war began to preserve the Union under one government.

23. ONE UNION UNDER GOD Lincoln: “This war is not being waged on our part…for the purpose of conquest or interfering with the rights of…states, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the Union.”

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