SWBAT: Define the classes of matter. Identify the two types of mixtures. Describe the three types of Homogeneous Mixtures. Classification Activity.

What is new about matter? Chapter 4: Mixtures, Elements and Compounds What you know about Matter. . . What is new about matter? There are 4 states of matter: Solid Liquid Gas Plasma There are 4 Phase Changes of Matter Fusion Solidification Condensing Vaporization How is matter classified? Matter is classified into 4 Groups: Mixtures Solutions Elements Compounds

Mixtures A mixture has two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and can be separated by physical means. The substances in a mixture retain their individual properties. Two Types of Mixtures: Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture

Homogeneous Mixture How can you tell if it is a homogeneous mixture? A mixture that appears to be the same throughout. “well mixed” the particles are very small and not recognizable The particles do not settle when let to stand. Can be separated by heat or chemical means.

Examples of Homogeneous Mixtures: 1. Colloids: Particles that are mixed but not dissolved. Toothpaste, suntan lotion 2. Solutions Alloys: Solids dissolved in solids meaning metals dissolved in metals: Examples: Brass: copper and zinc Sterling silver: copper and silver Stainless steal: chromium and iron

Types of Colloids Name Description Example Fog liquid in gas Clouds Smoke solid in a gas Foam gas in a liquid Whipped cream Emulsion liquid in liquid Mayonnaise Sol solid in liquid Paint Gel liquid in a solid butter

SOlutions It is a type of mixture. It is known as a homogeneous mixture. Solutions are made of a solute and a solvent! Two Parts: Solute: A substance that is being dissolved. Solvent: The substance that does the dissolving. Solutions can be solids or liquids.

Metals dissolved in metals are called alloys. Types of solutions Solute Solvent Example Gas Liquid Solid Liquid Metals dissolved in metals are called alloys.

Types of solutions Gas Air (oxygen in nitrogen) Liquid Fruit Punch Solute Solvent Example Gas Air (oxygen in nitrogen) Liquid Fruit Punch Solid Ocean water (salt in water) Solid Alloys: Gold jewelry (copper in gold)

Alloys Stainless steel is a mixture of iron and chromium. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.

Air is a solution of oxygen and other gases dissolved in nitrogen.

Heterogeneous Mixtures How can you tell if it is a heterogeneous mixture? A mixture that does not appear to be the same throughout. “least mixed” Particles are large and can be seen. Particles can be separated from the mixture.

Examples of Heterogeneous Mixtures Salad dressing Oil and vinegar Salt and pepper Sand and water Dirt Fruit salad

Solubility Soluble: A substance that can dissolve in another substance Insoluble: A substance that does not dissolve in water Solubility: A given solute can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature. As temperature increases so does the solubility of a solid As temperature increase solubility of gas decreases

Factors that affect the Solubility of a solute Two Factors: Particle size Temperature Amount of solute Amount of solvent

Particle Size What did you learn from your labs you conducted? As the particle size decreases, the dissolve time decreases. Why? When a particle decreases, the Volume decreases and there is more exposure to the environment to dissolve. surface area: amount of matter exposed to the environment.

Temperature

Analyze the graph Write down the chemical formula that dissolves at 70 degrees C with 30 grams solubility. _______ Which chemical formula express that as the temperature increases the solubility rate decreases? ___________ Which chemical formula can dissolve with 100 grams at 27 degrees C? ___________ What is the relationship between temperature and the solubility rate based on the information provided with the exception of Ce2(SO4)3? _____________________________________

Elements An element is a pure substance made of only one kind of material or substance. It is the same throughout. They are the simplest type of a pure element. They cannot be broken down into a simpler form without losing their properties.

Compound Compounds are pure substances that are in unions of two or more elements. They are chemically combined. They can be only be chemically broken down. They are made of molecules.

Example: C3H2OH Rubbing Alcohol Molecules Molecules are made of atoms The smallest complete part of a compound having the same properties throughout. CHEMICAL FORMULA A chemical formula tells you the elements and number of atoms that are needed to make the molecule or compound. Example: C3H2OH Rubbing Alcohol

Provides you the number of atoms of an element in the compound. What is a subscript? Provides you the number of atoms of an element in the compound. They are found to the lower right of each element’s symbol. When there is only one atom there is no subscript written. Subscript

What does the coefficient tell you? Tells you the number of molecules there are in a reaction. They are found in front of the compound or molecule.

What does a chemical equation tell you? A chemical equation tells you the types of molecules and or compounds that are needed to complete a chemical reaction to form products.

Researching elements Go to Computer use only. Login: User Password: User Next click cancel and you should then be logged in properly. Go to the following web site: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/index_sym.html

December 19th Quick Write: Please take out your Section 5.3 homework sheet and your lab. Homework: Test on Chapter 5 Thursday, Dec. 20th Molecular Size Lab due Friday Molecular Forces Lab due Friday SWBAT: Explain the difference between a molecule and a compound. Learning Station Activities

Happy Valentine’s Day!!! Homework: Test will be Tuesday, February 26th Quick Write: Take a Lab and review the procedure with your partner next to you. Hypothesis what you may think a suspension is after reading the lab and reviewing the picture to the right. Happy Valentine’s Day!!! Homework: Test will be Tuesday, February 26th Students Will Be Able To: Explain what is a suspension. Identify the difference between a solution and suspension.

Fog tooth paste Smoke butter whipped cream peanut butter Mayonnais e Sea water paint

Salad dressing Concrete Iced Tea Sand and water Apple Juice Taco salad sugar water Salt and pepper

MIXTURES H O M O G E N E O U S H E T E R O G E N E O U S

Concept Map: classifying matter HETEROGENOUS HOMOGENOUS SOLUTION COLLOID ALLOY MIXTURES