IMPERIALISM

FORMS OF IMPERIALISM  Colony  Settler- When Europeans move in and control the country from both military and political perspectives  Dependent- Few Europeans move there; instead, natives are hired to run the colony  Sphere of Influence- Controlling a country economically  Annexation- To make a territory part of your own  Trade Concession- A 1-sided trade agreement (Only benefits the colonizer)  Protectorate- Puppet Nation- When one country controls another countries foreign affairs  Empire- When one country has a vast amount of land

ADVANTAGES OF IMPERIALISM FOR THE COLONY  New technology  New farming techniques  Medicine  Stable political system  Education  Infrastructure transportation and communications systems of a country

DISADVANTAGES TO BEING A COLONY  Workers abused  Resources taken from colony to support mother country  Culture and customs were changed with laws which usually had a racist underlying theme  Europeans made borders randomly, which will later be causes for civil wars

EXAMPLE OF IMPERIALISM  In the 1500’s, Spain’s empire got off to a fast start by colonizing much of the Caribbean and central and south America  Spain quickly used their military control of these regions, and the wealth created from this expanded their power in Europe  They spread Catholicism throughout much of western Europe and defeated the Dutch and asserted Catholicism over the formerly Protestant country.  Much Aztec gold went to pay for wars against Protestant countries

RELIGION  How could a nation assert their religion over the people under their rule?  

SPAIN NOT ALONE IN THE NEW WORLD  At the same time as Spain was colonizing the Caribbean, France and England had just begun establishing small colonies on the east coast of North America.

ENGLAND DEFEATS SPAIN  In 1588, England’s navy crushed the massive Spanish Armada off the coast of England  Elizabeth I ended the violence between England’s religions, established the Church of England, and shocked the world by defeating what was regarded as the strongest state in the world: Spain.

ELIZABETH I  From this point on, England was considered the major power of the world  As Industrialization boomed, a race soon began for all the major nations of the world to use the globe to expand their wealth, power, and influence.  The industrial revolution rapidly changed the world  As we will see in this unit, Imperialism grew out of the Industrial Revolution, and its effect are still very prevalent today.

THE LINK  The link between the Industrial Revolution and Imperialism is most notable in how mass production led to the need to develop new markets for countries to sell their goods  In Europe especially, the Nations were able to produce so much, that there were not enough people buying the goods;  High production  Low demand

RACE FOR RESOURCES  Also needed by the Industrial nations were sources of non-renewable resources to fuel the factories and new transportation methods  This escalated the competition among the industrialized giants and profoundly impacted on the non-industrialized world  Britain, Germany, France and the United States felt that the acquisition of colonies would secure necessary raw resources and markets, which would ensure the well-being of their respective citizens

BRITAIN, SPAIN AND FRANCE  In the 16 th and 17 th century (1500s and 1600s) Britain, Spain, and France had a vast lead, in acquiring colonies, on the other nations of the world  Britain North America, France North America,  Spain Central and northern South America.

PRESTIGE  Imperialism provided wealth and power for Industrial nations, while the countries and cultures that were being conquered by foreign powers were often seen as a footnote to profit  If Industrial nations could not peacefully acquire colonies, they were eager to use their military power and technology to finish the job  This use of military power was also important to show other strong nations that their country was strong: Prestige  How does Prestige help you in international matters? 

THE RACE BEGINS  By the 1800’s, with Nationalism spreading throughout the world, it became an all out race to gain colonies, by any and all means  Imperialism – Is the control of sovereignty by one nation over another.  Sovereignty - A nation’s independence; its right to govern its citizens and economy and enforce laws

MORALS  A key question when studying Imperialism is what role does morally correct behavior play in the decisions of the powerful nations?  History has shown that morally correct behavior is largely ignored by countries with Imperialist ambitions  Generally profit and power are the ONLY influences on Imperialism.

DISCUSSION ITEMS  Should countries take over another country?  Yes or No?  If yes, under what conditions?    If no, why not?  

WAR  When should a country attack another country? At what point should a country go to war?     When should a country go in to a peace-keeping roll?  