14.2 The Six Kingdoms

Three main characteristics that distinguish the members of each kingdom a. Cellular type (complex or simple) b. Their ability to make food c. The number of cells in their body C. The Six Kingdoms of Organisms

What three main characteristics distinguish the members of the six kingdoms? Type of cell Type of cell How they obtain their food How they obtain their food Number of cells Number of cells

SIX KINGDOMS ARCHAEBACTERIA (Prokaryotes) ARCHAEBACTERIA (Prokaryotes) EUBACTERIA (Prokaryotes) EUBACTERIA (Prokaryotes) PROTISTS (Eukaryotes) PROTISTS (Eukaryotes) FUNGI (Eukaryotes) FUNGI (Eukaryotes) PLANTS (Eukaryotes) PLANTS (Eukaryotes) ANIMALS (Eukaryotes) ANIMALS (Eukaryotes)

Prokaryotic Kingdoms Prokaryotes - organisms with cells that lack a nuclei bounded by a membrane Prokaryotes - organisms with cells that lack a nuclei bounded by a membrane Originally the two bacteria were grouped together in one kingdom called Monera. Originally the two bacteria were grouped together in one kingdom called Monera. Now they are separated into two kingdoms: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Now they are separated into two kingdoms: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

Kingdom Archaebacteria A. Prokaryotic with cell walls made up of uncommon lipids 1. Unicellular 2. Autotrophic or Heterotrophic B. Found in extreme environments 1. Swamps, deep-ocean hydrothermal vents 2. Oxygen free environments Examples: halobacterium, methanogens and thermoacidophiles

Kingdom Eubacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae) A. Prokaryotic with cell wall made up of peptidoglycan 1. Unicellular 2. Autotrophic or Heterotrophic B. Most species of bacteria are in this kingdom C. Live in most environments D. Some cause diseases 1. Strep throat and pneumonia E. Most are harmless and many may be helpful

Kingdom Protista (slime molds and algae) A. Eukaryotic with a cell wall made of pectin 1. Most are unicellular, some are multicellular with cilia and flagella 2. Lacks complex organ systems 3. Autotrophic and/or Heterotrophic B. Lives in moist environments (pond water) C. Members are very different from one another 1. Some are plantlike (algae) 2. Some are animal-like (protozoa) 3. Some are fungus-like (slime molds)

Kingdom Fungi (mushrooms, mold and mildew) A. Eukaryotic with cell walls made of chitin 1. Most are multicellular, some are unicellular 2. External heterotrophs; decomposers

Kingdom Plantae (Ferms, Angiosperms) A. Eukaryotic with cell walls made of cellulose 1. All multicellular 2. Autotrophs and photosynthetic 3. No species can move from place to place (nonmotile) B. Second largest kingdom C. Range from tiny mosses to giant trees D. Use of chlorphyll for solar-energy transformation

Kingdom Animalia (Invertebrates and Vertebrates) A. Eukaryotic with no cell walls 1. Multicellular with complex cells 2. Heterotrophs with specialized organ systems B. Largest kingdom C. Nearly all are able to move from place to place.

Six Kingdoms Summary Kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria contain only unicellular prokaryotes. Kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria contain only unicellular prokaryotes. Kingdom Protista contains eukaryotes that lack complex organ systems. Kingdom Protista contains eukaryotes that lack complex organ systems. Kingdom Fungi includes heterotrophic eukaryotes that absorb their nutrients. Kingdom Fungi includes heterotrophic eukaryotes that absorb their nutrients. Kingdom Plantae includes multicellular eukaryotes that are photosynthetic. Kingdom Plantae includes multicellular eukaryotes that are photosynthetic. Kingdom Animalia includes multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs with cells that lack cell walls. Kingdom Animalia includes multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs with cells that lack cell walls.

Which of the following describes a fungus? A. autotrophic prokaryote B. unicellular or multicellular heterotroph C. unicellular autotroph D. heterotrophic prokaryote