Welcome B5! Please Do Now… 1.Prepare for class: journal, chromebook 2.Take 5 minutes to put any last minute touches on your model poster. 3.Log on to schoology. Take the “Ecosystem Self Quiz.” Homework: Due Tomorrow: Notes on pages 750 to 752 Due Tuesday 9/29: Notes on pages 752 to 755

Welcome B6! Please Do Now… 1.Prepare for class: journal, chromebook 2.Take 5 minutes to put any last minute touches on your model poster. 3.Log on to schoology. Take the “Ecosystem Self Quiz.” Homework: Due Tomorrow: Notes on pages 750 to 752 Due Monday 9/28: Notes on pages 752 to 755

Do Now… You are trying to stop world hunger. On your quest to do so, you choose to provide food for a third world country. Which would be ideal to provide: grains or meat? Why?

Energy Transformation

What is an ecosystem? An ecosystem consists of –all the organisms in a community and –the abiotic environment with which the organisms interact. In an ecosystem, energy flow moves through the components of an ecosystem and chemical cycling is the transfer of materials within the ecosystem.

A Terrarium A terrarium represents the components of an ecosystem and illustrates the fundamentals of energy flow. Light energy Chemical energy Energy flow Chemical elements Heat energy Bacteria, protists, and fungi

In real time…

Where does our “energy budget” come from? Primary production –is the amount of solar energy converted to chemical energy by an ecosystem’s producers for a given area and during a given time period –produces biomass, the amount of living organic material in an ecosystem Who does it?

Open ocean Estuary Algal beds and coral reefs Desert and semidesert scrub Tundra Temperate grassland Cultivated land Boreal forest (taiga) Savanna Temperate deciduous forest Tropical rain forest 05001,0001,5002,0002,500 Average net primary productivity (g/m 2 /yr)

Figure 37.16A Plant material eaten by caterpillar 100 kilocalories (kcal) 50 kcal 35 kcal 15 kcal Feces Cellular respiration Growth 50% is eliminated in feces, 35% is used in cellular respiration 15% is used for growth.

Why do food chains and webs typically have only three to five levels?

Tertiary consumers Secondary consumers Primary consumers Producers 10 kcal 100 kcal 1,000 kcal 10,000 kcal 1,000,000 kcal of sunlight Energy comes in the form of CALORIES here. Only about 10% of the energy stored at each trophic level is available to the next level.

The Ecological Cost of Meat When humans eat… –grain or fruit  primary consumers –beef or other meat from herbivores  secondary consumers –fish like trout or salmon  tertiary or quaternary consumers

Figure 37.17_1 Trophic level Vegetarians Corn Primary consumers Secondary consumers Producers

Figure 37.17_2 Corn Cattle Meat-eaters Trophic level Primary consumers Secondary consumers Producers

What INTERACTIONS did you label and explain in your Cascade Model?

Biogeochemical cycles include –biotic components –abiotic components –abiotic reservoirs, where a chemical accumulates or is stockpiled outside of living organisms Biogeochemical Cycles

The Cycles! Water Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus

End of Class/Homework In your textbook, read pages 752 (starting with section 37.18) to 756. Be sure to add any “new” words to your vocabulary list.