Chapter 10 MWH Nationalism around the World Marston 9 th Grade/MWH Arcadia High School

Chapter 10, Section 1 Road to WW I Nationalism in the Middle East: Significance: Ottoman Empire-decline 1700’s, but disintegrated after WW I

Nationalism in the Middle East 1. Ottoman territory of Greece, N. Africa, Tunisia, Algeria, & Egypt was lost to the Europeans

Nationalism in Middle East Reformers adopted constitution Suspended by sultan-Deposed by young Turks-lacked support gov’t.

Nationalism in Middle East 3. Impact of WWI: Ottoman Turks align with Nazi Germany-Britain chance to support TE Lawrence (L of Arabia) & Arab Nationalism

Nationalism in Middle East 4. Armenian Genocide: Ottoman Turks killed between 1 Million & 1.5 Million Armenians between

Nationalism in Middle East 5. Emergence of Turkish Republic: Because the Greek invasion was repelled, Turkish republic established.

Modernization of Turkey Significance: President Kemal changed the Political & Cultural identity to create a modern Turkish state.

Modernization of Turkey 1. Turkey modernized their democracy, education, names (European names), and their economy.

Modernization of Turkey 2. Turkey-secular state-Caliphate abolished, men: No fez-women: right to vote

Arab Nationalism 1. European Countries ruled the Middle East by mandate Great Britain: Iraq, Jordan, & Palestine France: Syria & Lebannon

Arab Nationalism 2. Saudi Arabia created 1932: Arab- American Oil-led to wealth. Aramco-formed

Problem of Palestine Significance: Increased tensions appeared between Jewish Immigrants & Exiting Muslims

Problem of Palestine 1. Both Arabs & Jews saw Palestine as their Homeland

Problem of Palestine 2. Balfour Declaration: National Home for Jews-Palestine

Chapter 10, section 2 Nationalism in Africa & Asia Movements toward Independence in Africa: Significance: Many African nations organized to end colonial rule.

Movement toward Independence in Africa 1. As Africans learned more about western ideals & practices-many sought reform.

Movement toward Independence Africa 2. Britain & Italy both suppressed successful reform attempts.

Movement toward Independence in Africa 3. African Leaders promoted African unity & independence A) W.E.B. Du Bois: Pan Africanism & organized the pan African Congress B) Marcus Garvey: Pan Africanism & Back to Africa Movement.

WEB Du Bois & Marcus Garvey

Movement for Indian Independence Significance: Ghandi & Nehru were both leaders in independence movement.

Ghandi & Nehru

Movement for Indian Independence 1. Protest & reform : was basis for Ghandi’s “Civil Disobedience” Government of India Act-Indian increased power in government

Movement for Indian Independence 2. Ghandi’s “Non Violence principle” key to his philosophy

Movement for Indian Independence 3. New Leaders: New Problems Ghandi: Religious, Indian, & traditional Nehru: Upper Class & intellectual

Ghandi & Nehru together

Movement for Indian Independence 4. Muslim League: Pushing for Separate State of Pakistan

Rise of Militarist Japan Significance: Militant forces in 1920’s Japan put an end to peaceful policies.

Rise of Militarist Japan 1. Zaibatsu were large independent & financial corporations that became very powerful. Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, and Yasuda

Rise of Militarist Japan 2. Zaibatsu created economic hardships: Created a call for return to traditional Japanese values.

Rise of Militarist Japan 3. Need for Raw materials-fueled Japan to exercise territorial expansion.

Japanese Expansion pre WW II

Rise of Militarist Japan 4. Rise of militarism: military appealed to civilians and military officers-bring back traditional Japan

Rise of Militarist Japan 5. Rise of Militarism: Emperor Hirohito fearing overthrow of monarchy, supported militarism’s leaders.

Emperor Hirohito

Nationalism & Revolution in Asia Significance: 1920’s Commintern spread communism throughout Asia.

Nationalism & Revolution in Asia 1. Bolshevik Revolution: brought appeal of Marxism to non western countries

Nationalism & Revolution in Asia 2. Communist International (Commintern) worldwide organization of communist parties-mission to spread revolution.

Nationalism & Revolution in Asia 3. Communist Parties in Asia: Strongest Communist Nationalist Alliance-formed in China.

Chapter 10, section 3 Nationalists & Communists Significance: Nationalists & Communists united to drive imperialists from China, but fought over who would rule China.

Nationalists & Communists 1. To reunify China: the nationalists & the communists joined together

Nationalists & Communists 2. From both parties trained an army-Northern Expedition

Nationalists & Communists 3. Death of Sun Yat- Sen led to rise of Chiang Kai-Shek Shanghai Massacre-founded New Republic

Communists in Hiding Significance: Mao relied on peasant support & guerilla tactics to evade nationalists.

Communists in Hiding 1. Chiang Kai Shek forced communists into hiding-then they fled North into Jiangxi province.

Communists in Hiding 2. When the nationalist’s armies pursued, Mao ZeDong used guerilla tactics to pester/defeat nationalist forces.

The Long March Significance: Many of Mao’s followers died on the march to Northern China.

The Long March 1. Mao & his P.L.A. (People’s Liberation Army) marched some 6000 miles to safety in northern China. ( )

Mao’s long march

Mao on horseback during the Long March

The New China of Chiang Kai-Shek Significance: Chiang Kai-Shek committed to building a republican gov’t in China.

The New China of Chiang Kai-Shek 1. In transition, Chiang Kai Shek created a dictatorial transitional gov.’t

The New China of Chiang Kai-Shek 2. Chiang found that he was supported most in the westernized modern cities. He was the polar opposite to the peasants & Mao.

The New China of Chiang Kai-Shek 3. Some of his reforms were good, some were bad. He was unable to redistribute the wealth like he needed to.

Chapter 10 Section 4: Nationalism in Latin America Significance: 1920’s & 1930’s-dictators came to power in many Latin American Countries, most stressed Domestic industry

Latin American Economy 1. Role of United States: US invested in Latin American Countries, ran the companies themselves.

Latin American Economy 2. Role of United States: Good Neighbor Policy: US rejects the use of military force in Latin America.

Latin American Economy 3. Impact of Great Depression: Weak Economies-less demand for Goods.

Latin American Economy 4. Impact of Great Depression: No money for manufactured goods, Government’s encourage the development of new industries.

The Move to Authoritarianism Significance: small group of church leaders, military leaders, & large landowners control political arena.

The Move to Authoritarianism 1. Argentina: Oligarchy of Large Landowners Hipolito Irigoyen- leads the Radical Party In 1916-become corrupt.

The Move to Authoritarianism 2. Argentina: Military establishes old landowner system-WWII-G.O.U.-Group of United Officers-not successful either.

The Move to Authoritarianism 3. Brazil: Elites become wealthy from Coffee. By 1900, 75% of world’s coffee comes from Brazil. Getulio Vargas ( ) Dictator (1937)- Fascist

The Move to Authoritarianism 4.Mexico: Democratic, but dominated by one party (PRI) Institutional Revolutionary Party-elections held every 6 years.

The Move to Authoritarianism 5. Mexico: Lazaro Cardenas ( ) Distributed 44 Million acres of land to peasants. Seized US oil fields-became hero to his people.

Culture in Latin America Significance: Latin American Artists created their own unique brand of art.

Culture in Latin America 1. Latin American (L.A.) created their own style of Art by combining their European training with traditions from their own county.

Culture in Latin America 2. Diego Rivera: cubism-depicted the Mexican Revolution, and (Aztec Legends, Mexican festivals, and local folk customs)