Unit 8 The Cold War ©

Origins of the Cold War Lesson Objective & By completing a Circle Map, and answering a summation question, SWBAT explain the origins of the Cold War. West East CapitalismCommunism DemocracyDictatorship

Origins of the Cold War Several factors were already contributing to feelings of mutual distrust between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. before the end of WWII in 1945:  Allied support for the “Whites” in the Russian Civil War  Ideological hostility: capitalism vs communism  The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact  The Allies delay in opening a Western Front until D-Day  American use of two atomic bombs against Japan. BQ1: Why did feelings of mutual distrust develop between the US and USSR after World War II?

Origins of the Cold War At Yalta, the Big Three had agreed to a post-war arrangement known as The Declaration on Liberated Europe:  The USSR would be permitted to occupy most of liberated Eastern Europe,… …but only until free, democratic elections could be held.  Stalin, however, had no intention of giving up the East - the path of German invasion twice in the previous three decades. - Instead he sought to create a buffer-zone, of pro-Soviet states, to protect the USSR from future invasion. Video: “Yalta” (5)

Origins of the Cold War At the July 1945 Potsdam Conference, the Big Three met again, this time to determine the fate of the defeated Axis powers.  Though only five months after Yalta, much had changed: - The war in Europe was over. - The Red Army was firmly in control of Eastern Europe. - The Americans had successfully tested an atomic bomb. - Two of the Big Three had been replaced: * FDR  Harry Truman * Churchill  Clement Attlee

Origins of the Cold War  Unlike their predecessors, neither Truman nor Attlee would be as willing to compromise with Stalin,… …insisting he uphold the agreements made at Yalta.  Four days after the conference ended, as it became clear Stalin was not going to comply,… …the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on Japan. Video: “Potsdam” (6)

Reasons for US – USSR (west - east) distrust capitalism vs communism Russian Civil War - intervention Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Munich Conference Atlantic Charter Western Front Polish Uprising Atomic Bombs - Why did Stalin have no intention of upholding the promises he had made at Yalta in the Declaration on Liberated Europe? Yalta Reasons why the “West” distrusted the “East.” Reasons why the “East” distrusted the “West.” democracy vs dictatorship

The Iron Curtain: East vs West (8.2) The Iron Curtain: East vs West Lesson Objective & By answering a summation question, SWBAT explain the goals of American “containment” policy.

In Mar 1946, Winston Churchill gave a speech in which he proclaimed that Stalin’s desire to control Eastern Europe… …had led to the descent of an “Iron Curtain” across the European continent,… …dividing the continent’s democratic and capitalist “West” from its dictatorial and communist “East.” BQ1: Why did Churchill say an “Iron Curtain” had descended across the European continent?

The Iron Curtain: East vs West

Video: “ Iron Curtain ” (5)

The Iron Curtain: East vs West Shortly after Churchill’s speech, Stalin announced that communism and capitalism could not exist in the same world;… …that war between the US and USSR was inevitable.  The US would be forced to adopt a policy of containment: - All necessary measures would be taken to prevent any extension of communism, world-wide,… …while simultaneously accepting communism where it’s already in place. BQ2: How did the United States enforce its policy of containment?

The Iron Curtain: East vs West The Truman Doctrine of Mar 1947  Containment was officially adopted as the basis of American foreign policy toward the communist East.  $400 million would be sent to Greece and Turkey, to aid in their armed struggles against communist insurgents. Video: “Truman Doctrine” (5)

The Iron Curtain: East vs West The Marshall Plan (European Recovery Program – ERP), Jun 1947  $13.5 billion in American aid would be offered to ALL European nations. - Marshall Plan aid was intended: * to rebuild shattered economies. * to improve living conditions. * to restore markets for American business. * to lessen the appeal of communism.

The Iron Curtain: East vs West Hamburg, Germany

The Iron Curtain: East vs West Stuttgart, Germany

The Iron Curtain: East vs West Frankfurt, Germany Before MP Aid After MP Aid

The Iron Curtain: East vs West Fearful American economic aid might draw the eastern Soviet “satellite” states away from communism, and… …not wanting to put the USSR in a position of debt to the West,… …Stalin refused to participate in the Marshall Plan, and forbid the states of Eastern Europe from doing so as well.  When Czechoslovakia defied Stalin’s order,… …a Soviet orchestrated coup overthrew the Czechoslovak gov’t, solidifying its position within the Eastern bloc,… …“behind the Iron Curtain.” Video: “Marshall Plan” (16) What were the goals of American “containment” policy?

The Berlin Blockade and Airlift (8.3) The Berlin Blockade and Airlift Lesson Objective , & By completing a multi-flow map, SWBAT describe the causes and effects of the Berlin Blockade.

The Berlin Blockade and Airlift At Potsdam, the Allies agreed on a program of occupation, disarmament, and de-Nazification for Germany and Austria,… …dividing both states, and their capitals, into occupation zones: American, British, French, and Soviet  A lone island of freedom remained in the East, 110 miles inside Germany’s eastern Soviet zone: West Berlin. Video: “Berlin 1945” (3) BQ1: How was Germany occupied following WWII? American British French Soviet

The Berlin Blockade and Airlift  To test America’s commitment to the Truman Doctrine,… …Stalin ordered a total sealing of all borders between the eastern and western zones of Germany and Berlin. - All highway, rail, and canal access was severed, cutting West Berlin off from the outside world. * The Berlin Blockade. Video: “ Blockade ” (2) By 1948, Stalin was determined to drive the West out of West Berlin.

The Berlin Blockade and Airlift

Over the next ten months, the western Allies delivered nearly 300,000 tons of supplies, by air, to the now isolated city of West Berlin.  Food, clothing, medicine, drink, and fuel would be flown in to meet the needs of West Berlin’s two million citizens. - The Berlin Airlift (“Operation Vittles”) 200,000 flights over 300 days 650+ flights per day 27.7 flights per hour A plane landed in West Berlin every 2.1 minutes

The Berlin Blockade and Airlift

Video: “ Airlift ” (10)

The Berlin Blockade and Airlift  By May 1949, unable to force the West out,… …hurt economically by the Allies counter-blockade,… …and viewed internationally as an aggressor,… …Stalin relented and ordered an end to the Berlin Blockade.

The Berlin Blockade and Airlift The Berlin Blockade had far reaching effects on the Cold War:  Convinced a united Germany was now an impossibility, in 1949, the Western Allies united their occupation zones… …into the capitalist and democratic state of West Germany. - Stalin responded by declaring the Soviet’s eastern zone to be the communist state of East Germany.

The Berlin Blockade and Airlift  Fearful Soviet actions in Berlin signaled the start of a more aggressive Soviet policy toward the West,… …in 1949, the western Allies formed N.A.T.O.: * A defensive military alliance established to protect the West from communist aggression,… …by providing an American nuclear umbrella. Video: “ Conclusions ” (9) - The North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

The Berlin Blockade and Airlift The N.A.T.O. Alliance as of 2015

THE BERLIN BLOCKADE CAUSES EFFECTS