Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 1-1 What Is Human Sexuality? Chapter 1
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-2 What Is Human Sexuality? Gender Personal, social, and legal status as male or female Coitus Sexual intercourse Erotic Arousing sexual feelings or desire
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-3 What Is Human Sexuality? Foreplay Mutual sexual stimulation that precedes coitus Human sexuality Ways in which we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-4 Sexuality and Values Values Sexual knowledge and critical thinking skills are of value because they allow us to make informed sexual decisions The study of human sexuality interdisciplinary
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-5 What Is Human Sexuality? Canadian Society and Sexuality Values Comparing Canada with other countries Comparing Canada and the US Politics and sex in Canada and the US
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-6 What Is Human Sexuality? Sexuality and Values Sexual knowledge and critical thinking skills are of value Students should take an active role in enhancing their health
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-7 Thinking Critically About Human Sexuality 1. Principles of critical thinking 2. Be skeptical 3. Examine definitions of terms 4. Examine the assumptions or premises of arguments 5. Be cautious in drawing conclusions from evidence (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-8 Thinking Critically About Human Sexuality (continued) 6. Consider alternative interpretations of research evidence 7. Consider the kinds of evidence on which conclusions are based 8. Do not overgeneralize
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-9 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective Prehistoric sexuality Phallic worship Phallic symbols Incest taboo (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-10 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Ancient Hebrews “be fruitful and multiply” Monogamy Procreation, mutual pleasure and fulfillment Gender roles (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-11 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Ancient Greeks Bisexuality Pederasty Courtesan Concubine (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-12 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Ancient Rome Sexual excesses were found among the upper-classes The family was viewed as the source of strength
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-13 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Early Christians Views on sexuality were shaped by St. Paul and St. Augustine Nonprocreative sex was sinful (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-14 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Eastern religions Islam Toaist Fallatio Cunnilingus (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-15 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Eastern religions Hindu Kama sutra Karma (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-16 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Middle Ages Woman as Eve Woman as Mary Protestant Reformation (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-17 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Victorian era Sexual anesthesia Foundations of the scientific study of sexuality Sexologists Havelock Ellis (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-18 Perspective on Human Sexuality Foundations of the scientific study of sexuality (continued) Richard von Krafft-Ebing Sigmund Freud Alfred Kinsey (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-19 Historical Perspective Sexual revolution The period from the mid-60’s to the mid- 70’s Liberation of female sexuality Willingness to discuss sex openly
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-20 Perspective on Human Sexuality Biological Perspective Roles of genes, hormones, nervous system, and other biological factors
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-21 Perspective on Human Sexuality Evolutionary perspective Evolution Development of a species to its present state Natural selection Process by which adaptive traits enable members of a species to survive to reproductive age and transmit these traits to future generations (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-22 Perspective on Human Sexuality Evolutionary perspective (continued) Evolutionary psychology Behaviour patterns that enhance reproductive success may be genetically transmitted (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-23 Perspective on Human Sexuality Evolutionary perspective (continued) Evolutionary perspective and erotic plasticity Women show greater erotic plasticity than men
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-24 Perspective on Human Sexuality Cross-species perspective Nonhuman analogues of sexual behaviour (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-25 Perspective on Human Sexuality Cross-species perspective (continued) Analogues Similar or comparable to something else Copulation Sexual intercourse
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-26 Perspective on Human Sexuality Cross-Cultural Perspective Commonalities and differences in sexual behaviour
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-27 Perspective on Human Sexuality Psychological Perspective Sigmund Freud and psychoanalytic theory Psychoanalysis Proposes that human behaviour represents the outcome of clashing inner forces (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-28 Perspective on Human Sexuality Psychoanalysis (continued) Unconscious mind Contents of the mind that lie outside of conscious awareness (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-29 Perspective on Human Sexuality Psychoanalysis (continued) Defense mechanisms Automatic processes that protect the ego from anxiety Repression (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-30 Perspective on Human Sexuality Psychoanalysis (continued) Erogenous zones Parts of the body responsive to sexual stimulation (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-31 Perspective on Human Sexuality Psychosexual development Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital Fixation Oedipus complex
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-32 Perspective on Human Sexuality Learning Theories Behaviourism Observable and measurable behaviours Emphasize rewards and punishment (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-33 Perspective on Human Sexuality Learning theories (continued) Social-learning theory Observational learning, values, and expectations play a key role Modelling Acquiring knowledge and skills by observing others
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-34 Perspective on Human Sexuality Sociocultural Perspective Sociocultural factors related to sexual attitudes and behaviour Number of sex partners Canadian attitudes toward women going topless (continued)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-35 Perspective on Human Sexuality Sociocultural Perspective (continued) Media and sexuality Multiple perspectives on Human Sexuality We need to consider multiple perspectives to understand human sexuality
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 1-36 End of Chapter 1