How our bodies use oxygen to release energy! Respiration 1

What is RESPIRATION? the exchange of CO 2 and O 2 AND it’s also the production of energy (ATP) (it’s NOT just “breathing”. It is also the release of energy by our cells!) it allows exchange of outside air and our circulatory system (blood transport) 2 Lung animation Definition-

Cellular Respiration Formula Oxygen + food ATP (energy) + carbon dioxide + water O 2 + glucose ATP + CO 2 + H 2 O FORMULA MEANING: The body takes in O 2 and food (glucose) to produce ATP (energy). The body then gives off CO 2 and H 2 O as waste The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM must work with the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM so that the oxygen can be transported to cells and CO 2 can be taken away from cells ! (Reactants) (Products) 3

Where does respiration happen? In the mitochondria of ALL plant & animal cells! Remember they are the “powerhouse” of the cell! 4

Two Types of Respiration AerobicAnaerobic vs. Uses oxygen to release energy from food (36 ATP) Ex. Fish, humans, dogs Ex. Yeast, bacteria, human muscle Does not use oxygen to release energy (2 ATP); AKA fermentation, lactic acid production 5

More on anaerobic respiration…… Depending on what type of organism you are, you create different products after respiring in the absence of oxygen. If you are a:  human cell, you produce 2 ATP and lactic acid (makes your muscles burn)  bacteria cell used in making cheese & yogurt,  yeast cell used in baking and brewing, you produce 2 ATP and CO2 and H2O you produce 2 ATP and CO2 and alcohol glucose lactic acid + 2ATP glucose CO2 +H2O+ 2ATP glucose alcohol + CO2+ 2ATP GLUCOSE SONG

HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Nostril Part Nasal Cavity Pharynx Epiglottis Where air (O 2 ) enters;CO 2 leaves Area behind our nose; warms, moistens, and cleans air Back of throat Flap of skin that covers windpipe so food does not enter lungs Function 7 Larynx voicebox

HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Trachea Bronchi Windpipe leads to lungs covered with cartilage rings lined with cilia 2 tubes that connect to trachea to the lungs PartFunction 8 Bronchioles smaller branches of bronchi end in air sacs/alveoli

HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Diaphragm Alveoli muscle under lungs that controls lungs expanding & contracting pulls O 2 in and pumps CO 2 out Air sacs where O 2 and CO 2 are exchanged with capillaries and the blood stream; 600 million in the average adult PartFunction 9 Resp. sys. animation Lungs organs of breathing where gas exchange occurs

Respiration Diagram Labels Nose Mouth Pharynx Epiglottis (flap) Trachea Lung Bronchi Bronchioles Diaphragm Alveoli Nasal Cavity/sinuses 10

Lung Model Balloon (lungs) Rubber sheet (diaphragm) Y-Straws (Bronchi) Long straw (trachea) 11

How does the Body Regulate the Rate of Respiration? How do our bodies know when to breathe faster or slower? Our Medulla! (in our brains), it detects the amount of CO 2 in our blood - As CO 2 levels increase, breathing rate increases Medulla 12

Comparison of Inhale/Exhale 13 Inhale Exhale ribs diaphragm oxygen carbon dioxide expandcollapse moves down moves up increases decreases

Lung/Diaphragm Animation 14 link

Respiratory Homeostasis Disorders lung cells do not receive enough O 2 because alveoli are damaged (stretched out) (leads to decreased lung capacity) caused by smoking,air pollution : infection of the respiratory tract; results in an increase in mucus in bronchial tubes, swelling, inflammation of the bronchial tubes, coughing, difficult breathing Emphysema: 2. Bronchitis

Respiratory Homeostasis Disorders viral or bacterial infection of lungs that causes them to fill with pus and fluid bronchi spasms that cause difficulty breathing; constricted blood vessels in air passageways usually caused by allergies Pneumonia: 4. Asthma:

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