Drugs from the Sea: Bioactive Compounds from Marine and Freshwater Sources (CHM 5306: Special Topics in Biological Chemistry) Fall 2006 Dr. John P. Berry.

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Presentation transcript:

Drugs from the Sea: Bioactive Compounds from Marine and Freshwater Sources (CHM 5306: Special Topics in Biological Chemistry) Fall 2006 Dr. John P. Berry Tel.: Office: CP 346 (W, F), Marine Sci. 354/332 Office Hours: W 3:15-5:15 (CP 346), or by appointment Credits: 3 Time/Day: Fridays, 8:00 am to 10:40 am Location: CP 107

Overview Oceans Are Diverse Habitats (e.g. coral reefs) Ocean’s Diversity Mediated by Chemistry (i.e. “biologically active compounds”) Diversity of Compounds from Marine Animals are Rich Source of Drugs

Ocean Habitats are Diverse

Freshwater Habitats Lakes and Ponds Rivers and Streams Wetlands Swamps, Bogs, Fens, etc. …also estuarine (i.e. “brackish”) habitats!

255,330 sq. km. < 0.25% of the area of the ocean Coral Reefs ≤ 50 m deep (ocean is 3.8 km deep) 23.5° N 23.5° S Coral Reefs

Coral reefs are among the most complex habitats on Earth 1 million species identified… 25% of oceans fish …estimated 8 million to go!

Why are coral reefs so complex? Shore Deep Water Turbulent environment waves “Architecture” “Edge Effect” = two habitats meet Neritic Pelagic Sunlight Light = photosynthesis = Colonization = High oxygen

Many of the interactions in the coral reef are based on CHEMISTRY Competition between species Communication Defense against predators Defense against pathogens

“Biologically Active Compounds” “Toxins” (Toxicology) “Drugs” (Pharmacology)

Drugs from the Sea: Marine Animals Percent Compounds Tested by NCI with Significant Cytotoxicity

Sponges Cnidarians (e.g. Corals) Microorganisms Tunicates Echinoderms Mollusca Red Algae Brown Algae Green Algae Vast Majority of Drugs from Marine Invertebrates

Competition between species Communication Defense against predators Defense against pathogens Why so many biologically active compounds from invertebrates?