Energy in Ecosystems Note: Organisms interact in order to obtain energy and resources necessary to survive.

Objectives I can identify and name trophic levels with food chain & web examples I can identify 5 types of consumers I understand how energy in an ecosystem is measured and ‘flows’ I can explain why ecosystems are represented by pyramids

Energy Flow Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction: sun  autotroph  heterotroph

Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food. Auto = self Aka: Producers

Heterotrophs Depend on other organisms for food and energy. Hetero = other Aka: consumers

5 Types of Heterotrophs

Herbivores n Eat only plants

Carnivores n Eat other heterotrophs

Scavengers n Eat organisms that are already dead

Omnivores n Eat both animals and plants n omni = all

Decomposers n Absorb nutrients from dead organisms n Fungi, Bacteria

Quick Review

n What do you call an organism that can make its own food? n What direction does energy flow thru an ecosystem? n What do you call an organism that eats both animals and plants? n What do you call an organism that absorbs nutrients from dead organisms? autotroph Producer  consumer omnivore decomposer

Food Chain n A model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem. It has arrows that show the direction that energy is being transferred.

FOOD CHAIN

Trophic Level A feeding step in a food chain that represents each organism.

Can you name the trophic levels below?? Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer

Food Web n Shows all the possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community.

Energy pyramids Diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web. 3 types

Pyramid of energy Only about 10% of energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level Pyramid of Energy Heat 0.1% Consumers 1% Consumers 10% Consumers 100% Producers Parasites, scavengers, and decomposers feed at each level. Kcal, J

Pyramid of numbers Based on the number of individual organisms at each trophic level Pyramid of Numbers Fox (1) Birds (25) Grasshoppers (250) Grasses (3000)

Pyramid of Biomass The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called biomass.