Essential Question What happens to energy in a food chain? 1

Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem Food Chains, Food Webs, Energy Pyramids 2

3 The sun is the main energy source for life on earth Why is the sun important?

What is sunlight for? Chemical reaction where green plants use energy from the sun to build food molecules.Chemical reaction where green plants use energy from the sun to build food molecules. Food is built from water and carbon dioxide.Food is built from water and carbon dioxide. 4

Organisms that can make food during photosynthesis are called Organisms that can make food during photosynthesis are called PRODUCERS or AUTOTROPHS. 5 Who makes food?

6 Food is Energy! CELLULAR RESPIRATION is a chemical reaction that releases the energy stored in food. CELLULAR RESPIRATION is a chemical reaction that releases the energy stored in food. Both Plants and Animals use cellular respiration to release energy. Both Plants and Animals use cellular respiration to release energy.

Producers use most of the energy they capture for themselves. 7

Why do plants need energy? Plants: grow reproduce repair damage respond to the environment store food for the winter 8

The energy that is not used by producers can be passed on to organisms that cannot make their own energy. 9

Organisms that cannot make their own energy are called CONSUMERS or HETEROTROPHS. 10

Label your picture. 11 Plant Producer Autotroph Sun Energy

Trophic Level 1 Producer Autotroph Plant 12 Plant Producer Autotroph

Trophic Level 2 Primary consumers Are herbivores (plant-eaters) Mouse eats the plant 13 Mouse Primary Consumer Heterotroph Herbivore

Most of the energy the primary consumer gets from the producer is used by the primary consumer. 14

Some of the energy moves into the atmosphere as heat. 15

Some energy in the primary consumer is STORED & not lost to the atmosphere or used by the consumer itself. This energy is available for another consumer (predator). 16

Trophic Level 3 Secondary consumerSecondary consumer May be a carnivore or a omnivoreMay be a carnivore or a omnivore Raccoon eats mouse or plantRaccoon eats mouse or plant 17 Raccoon Secondary Consumer Heterotroph Omnivore

Most of the energy the secondary consumer gets from the primary consumer is used by the secondary consumer. 18

Some of the energy is lost as heat, but some energy is stored and can passed on to another consumer. 19

Trophic Level 4 Tertiary consumerTertiary consumer May be a carnivore or or a omnivoreMay be a carnivore or or a omnivore Hawk eats Raccoon.Hawk eats Raccoon. 20 Hawk Tertiary Consumer Heterotroph Carnivore

Food Chain 21 Plant Producer Autotroph Mouse Primary Consumer Heterotroph Herbivore Raccoon Secondary Consumer Heterotroph Omnivore or Carnivore Hawk Tertiary Consumer Heterotroph Carnivore

Predators: Consumers that hunt & kill other consumers are called. Prey: The animals that are hunted & killed are called. Scavengers: Feed on dead animal and plant material 22

Food Chains Can Show Energy Transfer 23

What happens to energy stored by consumers? Used in life processes Lost as heat 10% stored and available to the next level 24

Another way of showing the available energy within each trophic level is through Ecological Pyramids 25

Three Types of Ecological Pyramids: Energy Pyramid Biomass Pyramid Pyramid of Numbers 26

Energy Pyramids Show the amount of energy available at each level.Show the amount of energy available at each level. The amount of available energy decreases for higher consumers.The amount of available energy decreases for higher consumers. It takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumersIt takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumers 27

28 Energy Loss

Biomass Pyramid Shows the total mass of organisms at each level, usually in grams. Biomass: The total amount of living material within a trophic level. Greatest mass is usually at the base of the Pyramid. 29

Pyramid of Numbers Shows the number of individual organisms at each trophic level. 30

Numbers Pyramids of numbers are not always the same shape… 31

Essential Question What happens to energy in a food chain? 32