Date: May 17, 2016 Aim #84: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? HW: 1) Food Chains and Food Webs Worksheet 2) Regents Review Session May 19 th 3:15PM Room 142 3) Ecology Test Tuesday 5/24 and Wednesday 5/25 4) Unit 7f due Friday, May 27th Do not forget Castle Learning!! Do Now: Warm-Up Notebook DateTitle of Activity Page # 5/17Habitat and Niche125

Aim #84: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem?

Types of Relationships: Competitive Cooperative

Predator-Prey Relationship:

1) Why do organisms need to eat? To get ENERGY!! Cell Respiration: C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 ATP + CO 2 + H 2 O

2) Organism Categories: Organisms Producers (Autotrophs) Consumers (Heterotrophs) Decomposers

3) Organism Categories: Consumers 1’ Consumers Herbivore 2’ Consumers Carnivore/ Omnivore 3’ Consumers Carnivore/ Omnivore Herbivores – eat only producers Carnivores – eat only meat Omnivores – eat both producers & meat

Ecosystem Relationships a)Parasite & host – parasite benefits and host is affected ( +, - ) b)Mutualism (symbiosis) – both benefit ( +, + ) c)Commensalism – one benefits and other is unaffected ( +, 0) d)Predator & prey – predator benefits and prey is affected ( +, -)

4a) Parasites Fluke Worms Tick Parasites are organisms that attack other live organisms called hosts.

4b) Mutualism: The Nile crocodile opening its mouth to permit the Egyptian plover to feed on any leeches attached to its gums. Bee eats nectar & at the same time picks up pollen to be spread to other flowers.

4c) Commensalism: Adult barnacles are sessile and they benefit by attaching to a whale’s flipper by being transported to food sources. The whale is unharmed.

5) How do the cows we eat get their energy? Primary consumers get their energy from the producers they eat

6) How do producers get their energy? The primary source of energy for living things is the____. ____________capture this energy through a process of _________________ sun Autotrophs photosynthesis

7) How is energy transferred in a community? Energy is transferred by consuming other organisms

8) In which direction is the energy moving? Why?

Scientists depict this transfer of energy as a Food chain. They show the transfer of energy from one organism to another in a community 9) Food Chains

10) Food Webs Show many food chains interconnected together

11) Energy Pyramid Producers 1’ Consumers 2’ Consumers 3’ Consumers Energy Flow

12) Sun’s Energy in an Ecosystem Some of the energy is used by each organism and some of it is lost as heat energy to the environment

13) Why is there so little energy at the top of the pyramid? Most of the energy from the sun has been used or lost by organism in the lower levels Only about 10% of the energy available at each level is transferred to the NEXT level. 100% 10% 1%

Which organism has the least amount of energy flow? The most amount of stored energy?

Label the pyramid below: producers (autotrophs) herbivores (primary consumers) carnivores (secondary consumers) carnivores (tertiary consumers)

Energy Pyramid Shows the relative amount of energy available at each trophic level. Organisms use about 10 percent of this energy for life processes. The rest is lost as heat. Pyramid of Numbers Shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level. Biomass Pyramid Represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level. Typically, the greatest biomass is at the base of the pyramid. Section ) Ecological pyramids Go to Section:

Energy Pyramid Shows the amount of energy available in an ecosystem at each feeding (TROPHIC) level producers 1 2 3

Biomass pyramid Shows the relative mass of organisms (biomass) at each feeding level

Pyramid of Numbers Population size also tends to generally decrease as you move up through the tropic levels.

Questions: a.What kinds of living things are producers? Why are they called autotrophs? b.What makes an animal a primary consumer? c.How does the amount of food energy change as you move up the pyramid? d.Where do the producers get their food energy? e.What would happen to the pyramid if green plants died out? f.What would happen to the snakes and plants if the mice died out?