Biology—The Science of LifeBiology—The Science of Life (4:11) Old Growth Forest

Standard 3 Students know and understand the characteristics and structure of living things, the processes of life, and how living things interact with each other and their environment. Focus: Biology—Anatomy, Physiology, Botany, Zoology, Ecology

Vocabulary List for Chapter One Skepticism Observation Hypothesis Experiment Control group Theory SI Biology Cell Homeostasis Metabolism Reproduction Heredity evolution

Biology Bios is the Greek word for life or way of life. Biology is the study of life. All life as we know it can be found in the biosphere, which is the thin envelope of space surrounding Earth (about 12 miles) and projecting a short distance below Earth’s surface. Biosphere Intro to Bio words (2:00 minutes)

Areas of Life StudyAreas of Life Study (2:51) Biochemistry Ecology Cell Biology Genetics Evolutionary Theory Microbiology Botany Zoology Physiology

Biochemistry 4:07

Ecology: The study of organisms and their relationship with each other and the environment.

Cell Biology is the study of cell structure, function, growth and division

Genetics is the study of heredity.

Evolutionary Theory is the study of the process by which species change over time.

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms (really tiny life forms) like bacteria and viruses.

Botanists study plant life.

Zoologists study animal life.

Physiology is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms.

Seven properties of life 1.Cellular organization 2.Homeostasis 3.Metabolism 4.Responsiveness 5.Reproduction 6.Heredity 7.Growth

What distinguishes living things? All organisms grow, even though some one-celled organisms do for only a brief time. Growth is an increase in the amount of living material in an organism. As the organism grows, it changes in a process called development. Development is the series of changes an organism undergoes in reaching its final, adult form.

Living things continued Living organisms maintain homeostasis, the steady state of the internal operation of an organism regardless of external changes. When you get too hot, your body gets rid of the excess heat by perspiring. Because external factors change constantly, it’s imperative that organisms maintain homeostasis.

The sum of all of the chemical reactions carried out in an organism is called metabolism. It is a vital process for all organisms that starts at the time of birth and continues throughout the organism’s life.

Living organisms also react to their environment through responsiveness. An example is a plant bending toward the light.

Reproduction is the process by which organisms make more of their own kind. Because no organism lives forever, reproduction is essential to life forms. There are two types of reproduction, sexual and asexual.

Organisms inherit traits from their parents in a process known as heredity. Inherited traits tend to change over time in a process known as evolution.

Scientific Thought Scientific thought involves making observations, being skeptical about ideas, and being open to change when new discoveries are made. What do you know about the photo to the right?

Universal Law Universal laws are truths that are valid everywhere in the universe. Give an example of a universal law.

Universal laws Conservation laws Laws of motion Laws of thermodynamics Laws of gravitation and relativity Laws of quantum mechanics Laws of electromagnetism Geophysical laws

Ethics Ethics are a system of moral principles and values. They are important in scientific research because it is not ethical to make claims that are not accurate. would compromise other scientific research. could lead to dangerous situations.

Bioethics – Problem Solving Ethical analysis is a process of critical inquiry. You will use a model focusing on goals, rights, and duties of individuals involved in the following scenario to analyze a situation. CASE STUDY: Sharon has just completed ninth grade at Deerfield Junior High School in Iowa. She has attended summer basketball camp for the past three years and is already one of the best players in the state. Deerfield’s girl’s basketball team has won two district championships and Sharon—a forward—has been the leading scorer. It is clear she has great potential as both a high school and college player. Sharon and her coaches, however, are concerned about her height. She is only 5 feet 7 inches (170 cm) tall. Sharon’s coaches want to develop her skills through high school and would like her to attain as much height as possible. She is not likely to gain much more height naturally. Sharon and her parents have discussed her problem with an endocrinologist and asked that he provide her with biosynthetic GH (Growth Hormone). Thus far, he has refused, saying that GH is used only to treat children who are abnormally short. The doctor maintains that Sharon is not handicapped and should not risk the possible side effects of GH when she does not need the hormone for a legitimate medical reason. The potential side effects, which are irreversible, include developing diabetes and heart problems, and elongation of the facial bones, hands and feet. Sharon has told the doctor that she can get GH on the black market and will do so if he does not prescribe it for her. She prefers to have the hormone administered under the doctor’s supervision because the hormone will be pure and he can monitor her progress.

INFORMATION ABOUT GOALS, RIGHTS, AND DUTIES GOALS: One way to judge the morality of an action is by looking at what it intends to accomplish. If this view is the basis for determining whether an action is morally correct, then a “good” outcome may be judged morally correct no matter how the outcome was achieved. Assume, for example, that a given physician’s primary goal is the preservation of life. She might then refuse to disconnect a respirator that is keeping a terminally ill patient alive, even if the patient or the patient’s family wishes her to do so. In her view, going against the rights of the patient is justified by her goal of the preservation of life. RIGHTS: Moral arguments based on right are familiar to all of us. Our Constitution, for example, guarantees the right to free speech, the right to religious freedom, and the right to trial by a jury of one’s peers. Most physicians agree that a patient has the right to know all the relevant information about a given treatment and the right to refuse the treatment. Consider a situation in which the physician knows that a patient will refuse lifesaving treatment if the patient knows all of the potential side effects. DUTIES: Some moral arguments are based on the obligation, or duty, to act in a certain way. For example, we generally have a duty to tell the truth, keep a promise, or help a friend. The justification for a duty is often based on the achievement of a worthy goal or on the basis of someone’s right. Duties, therefore, can be derived from goals or rights, but they can also be in conflict with goals or rights. Suppose, for example, that a dying man asks a physician not to prolong his life.

Your Job is to List the GOALS, RIGHTS, and DUTIES of the COACH GOALSRIGHTSDUTIES

Your Job is to List the GOALS, RIGHTS, and DUTIES of the ATHLETE GOALSRIGHTSDUTIES

Your Job is to List the GOALS, RIGHTS, and DUTIES of the PARENTS GOALSRIGHTSDUTIES

Your Job is to List the GOALS, RIGHTS, and DUTIES of the DOCTOR GOALSRIGHTSDUTIES

Your Job is to List the GOALS, RIGHTS, and DUTIES of the DRUG COMPANY GOALSRIGHTSDUTIES

STUDYING SCIENCE ROCKS! Studying science will help you – Take better care of your health. – Be a wiser consumer. – Be a better, well-informed citizen. – Improve the world around you.

BRAVE NEW WORLD BRAVE NEW WORLD Steven Hawking (46:45)