The Family Diversity, Inequality, and Social Change 1st Edition The Family Diversity, Inequality, and Social Change 1st Edition Chapter Lecture Slides Slides by Philip Cohen © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. A Sociology of the Family 1 1 Laura MacIntyre

2 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. A Sociology of the Family

 Genealogy A Sociology of the Family: Genealogy

 Genealogy  The study of ancestry and family history A Sociology of the Family: Genealogy Definition

5 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. Defining Families

 Families Defining Families: Families

 Families  Groups of related people, bound by connections that are biological, legal, or emotional Defining Families: Families Definition

 The Personal Family Defining Families: Personal Family

 The Personal Family  Personal Family  The people to whom we feel related and who we expect to define us as members of their family as well Defining Families: Personal Family Definition

 The Personal Family  The Legal Family Defining Families: The Legal Family

 The Personal Family  The Legal Family  Legal Family Defining Families: Legal Family

 The Personal Family  The Legal Family  Legal Family  A group of individuals related by birth, marriage, or adoption Defining Families: Legal Family Definition

 The Personal Family  The Legal Family  The Family as an Institutional Arena Defining Families: As an Institutional Arena

 The Personal Family  The Legal Family  The Family as an Institutional Arena  Institutional Arena Defining Families: Institutional Arena

 The Personal Family  The Legal Family  The Family as an Institutional Arena  Institutional Arena  A social space in which relations between people in common positions are governed by accepted rules of interaction Defining Families: Institutional Arena Definition

 The Personal Family  The Legal Family  The Family as an Institutional Arena  Family Arena Defining Families: Family Arena

 The Personal Family  The Legal Family  The Family as an Institutional Arena  Family Arena  The institutional arena where people practice intimacy, childbearing and socialization, and caring work Defining Families: Family Arena Definition

 The Personal Family  The Legal Family  The Family as an Institutional Arena  State Defining Families: State

 The Personal Family  The Legal Family  The Family as an Institutional Arena  State  The institutional arena where, through political means, behavior is legally regulated, violence is controlled, and resources are redistributed Defining Families: State Definition

 The Personal Family  The Legal Family  The Family as an Institutional Arena  Market Defining Families: Market

 The Personal Family  The Legal Family  The Family as an Institutional Arena  Market  The institutional arena where labor for pay, economic exchange, and wealth accumulation take place Defining Families: Market Definition

22 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. Defining Families: Modern Institutional Arenas

23 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. The Story behind the Numbers: Market, State, Family

24 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. The Story behind the Numbers: Day Care

25 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. The Story behind the Numbers: Marriage Licenses

26 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. The Story behind the Numbers: Welfare

27 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. How the U.S. Census Counts Families

 Census  A periodic count of people in a population and their characteristics, usually performed as an official government function How the U.S. Census Counts Families: Census

 Household How the U.S. Census Counts Families: Household

 Household  A group of people that lives and eats separately from other groups How the U.S. Census Counts Families: Household Definition

 What Is a Census Family? How the U.S. Census Counts Families: Census Family

32 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. The Family in Sociological Theory

 Broad Perspectives The Family in Sociological Theory: Perspectives

 Broad Perspectives  Consensus The Family in Sociological Theory: Consensus

 Broad Perspectives  Consensus  Consensus perspective: a perspective that projects an image of society as the collective expression of shared norms and values The Family in Sociological Theory: Consensus Perspective

 Broad Perspectives  Consensus  Breadwinner-homemaker family: an employed father, a nonemployed mother, and their children The Family in Sociological Theory: Breadwinner-Homemaker Family

 Broad Perspectives  Consensus  Conflict The Family in Sociological Theory: Conflict

 Broad Perspectives  Consensus  Conflict  Conflict perspective: the view that opposition and conflict define a given society and are necessary for social evolution The Family in Sociological Theory: Conflict Perspective

 Broad Perspectives  Contemporary Theories The Family in Sociological Theory: Theories

 Broad Perspectives  Contemporary Theories  Feminism The Family in Sociological Theory: Feminism

 Broad Perspectives  Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Feminist theory: a theory that seeks to understand and ultimately reduce inequality between men and women The Family in Sociological Theory: Feminist Theory

 Broad Perspectives  Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Socialization: the process by which individuals internalize elements of the social structure in their own personalities The Family in Sociological Theory: Socialization

 Broad Perspectives  Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Exchange The Family in Sociological Theory: Exchange

 Broad Perspectives  Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Exchange  Exchange theory: the theory that individuals or groups with different resources, strengths, and weaknesses enter into mutual relationships to maximize their own gains The Family in Sociological Theory: Exchange Theory

 Broad Perspectives  Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Exchange  Symbolic Interaction The Family in Sociological Theory: Symbolic Interaction

 Broad Perspectives  Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Exchange  Symbolic Interaction  Symbolic interactionism: a theory concerned with the ability of humans to see themselves through the eyes of others and to enact social roles based on others’ expectations The Family in Sociological Theory: Symbolic Interactionism

 Broad Perspectives  Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Exchange  Symbolic Interaction  Modernity The Family in Sociological Theory: Modernity

 Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Exchange  Symbolic Interaction  Modernity  Modernity theory: a theory of the historical emergence of the individual as an actor in society and how individuality changed personal and institutional relations The Family in Sociological Theory: Modernity Theory

 Broad Perspectives  Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Exchange  Symbolic Interaction  Modernity  First Modernity The Family in Sociological Theory: First Modernity

 Broad Perspectives  Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Exchange  Symbolic Interaction  Modernity  First Modernity  Second Modernity The Family in Sociological Theory: Second Modernity

 Broad Perspectives  Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Exchange  Symbolic Interaction  Modernity  Family wage: the amount necessary for a male earner to provide subsistence for his wife and children without having them work for pay. The Family in Sociological Theory: Family Wage

 Broad Perspectives  Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Exchange  Symbolic Interaction  Modernity  Demography and the Life Course The Family in Sociological Theory: Demography

 Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Exchange  Symbolic Interaction  Modernity  Demography and the Life Course  Demographic perspective: the study of how family behavior and household structures contribute to larger population processes The Family in Sociological Theory: Demographic Perspective

 Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Exchange  Symbolic Interaction  Modernity  Demography and the Life Course  Life course perspective: the study of the family trajectories of individuals and groups as they progress through their lives, in social and historical context The Family in Sociological Theory: Life Course Perspective

 Contemporary Theories  Feminism  Exchange  Symbolic Interaction  Modernity  Demography and the Life Course  Cohort: a group of people who experience an event together at the same point in time The Family in Sociological Theory: Cohort

56 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. Studying Families

 Bias Studying Families: Bias

 Bias  The tendency to impose previously held views on the collection and interpretation of facts Studying Families: Bias Definition

 Sample Surveys Studying Families: Sample Surveys

 Sample Surveys  Sample Survey  A research method in which identical questions are asked of many different people and their answers are gathered into one large data file. Studying Families: Sample Survey Definition

 Sample Surveys  Longitudinal Surveys  A research method in which the same people are interviewed repeatedly over a period of time Studying Families: Longitudinal Surveys

62 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. Studying Families: Up Documentary

 Sample Surveys  In-Depth Interviews and Observation Studying Families: Interviews and Observation

 Sample Surveys  In-Depth Interviews and Observation  Time Use Studies Studying Families: Time Use Studies

 Sample Surveys  In-Depth Interviews and Observation  Time Use Studies  Time Use Studies  Surveys that collect data on how people spend their time during a sample period, such as a single day or week Studying Families: Time Use Studies Definition

66 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. Class Activity: Time Use Study

How much time per week do you spend on housework? a) none b) less than 10 hours per week c) between 10 and 16 hours per week d) more than 16 hours per week Class Activity Question

68 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. Moving On

1. The granting of marriage licenses is an example of which institutional arenas interacting? a) state and family b) state and market c) family and market d) religion and family Review Question 1

2. According to conflict theories, who benefits from family structures where women stay home and men work for pay? a) women and children b) children and old people c) men and employers d) women and employers Review Question 2

3. Rosa thinks of her mother’s best friend, Maria, as her aunt and Maria treats Rosa as her niece. According to your textbook, Rosa and Maria could be labeled a a) legal family. b) personal family. c) nuclear family. d) extended family, Review Question 3

4. According to recent feminist family theorists, which statement is true? a) Family types are biologically determined and rarely change. b) What’s good for some women is good for all women. c) Men and women have very similar experiences of family life. d) Family types are socially constructed. Review Question 4

5. Which theory sees people as individuals entering into mutual relationships in order to maximize their own gains? a) exchange theory b) feminist theory c) conflict theory d) symbolic interaction theory Review Question 5

6. For the purposes of the contemporary Census, a family a) must occupy the same household. b) may occupy several households. c) includes a man and his family. d) includes unmarried partners. Review Question 6

7. The demographic perspective in family studies focus most on a) economics in family life. b) family and household structures. c) politics in family life. d) psychological stressors among family members. Review Question 7

Lecture Slides The Family: Diversity, Inequality, and Social Change, 1st Edition 76 © 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. This concludes the Lecture Slide Set for Chapter 1 by Philip Cohen © 2014 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Independent and Employee-Owned