LT PLOYPUN NARINDRARANGKURA, MD DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY AND COMMUNITY MEDICINE PRAMONGKUTKLAO COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, THAILAND The Pandemic Influenza A Virus.

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LT PLOYPUN NARINDRARANGKURA, MD DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY AND COMMUNITY MEDICINE PRAMONGKUTKLAO COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, THAILAND The Pandemic Influenza A Virus in an Outbreak during 2015 in Military Medical School in Bangkok, Thailand

Background I nfluenza is a respiratory disease which some subtypes have high virulence. Military camp is crowded environment. Prone for an outbreak Rapid onset Difficult to control

Phramongkutklao College of Medicine is military medical school in Bangkok. Students have to stay in the dormitory. School setting is prone for an outbreak. In October, we were reported that second year medical cadets were infected with influenza virus then we investigated and controlled the disease. Background

Objectives To investigate and characterise an outbreak To control an outbreak To treat influenza-like illness cases

Methods Case report form of respiratory disease was used for all second year medical cadets. We separated influenza-like illness (ILI) from the others. Rapid test for influenza A/B was performed in ILI cases. 10 screening positive cases were selected for RT-PCR analysis Diagnosis and treatment with Oseltamivir were used to control the disease.

Results Demographic data of second year medical cadets (n=103) Case (n=41)Non-case (n=62)p-value Mean age in year (SD)19.6 (0.7) 0.68* Mean weight in kg (SD)59.1 (8.9)60.7 (8.2)0.35* Mean height in cm (SD)166.5 (8.1)168.6 (8.2)0.21* Gender0.84 ¶ Male23 (56.1)36 (58.1) Female18 (43.9)26 (41.9) Platoon<0.01¶ 112 (30)38 (62.3) 228 (70)23 (37.7) Vaccinated influenza vaccine0.11¶ No26 (70.3)33 (54.1) Yes11 (29.7)28 (45.9) *t-test ¶Chi-square

Number of influenza like illness cases in second-year medical cadets, Bangkok, October 2015 (n=41) Results

Clinical symptoms of influenza like illness cases in second-year medical cadets, Bangkok, October 2015 (n=41) Results

Risk factors and risk ratio of influenza outbreak (n=40)* Behavioral risk factor ILI cases Risk ratio95%CIp-value ExposeNon-expose Platoon 2 28 (54.9)12 (24) <0.01 Closed contact person 35 (40.2)4 (33.3) ¶ Went outside school 2 wks ago 28 (33.7)11 (64.7) Contact person outside PCM within 2 wks 040 (100) Smoking 1 (100)39 (38.6) ¶ Smoking same cigarette with others 040 (100) Drink water same glass 17 (30.9)22 (47.8) Activities that prone to contact body fluid from others 18 (41.9)22 (37.9) Used towel with others 2 (100)38 (38) ¶ Used clothes with others 1 (50)39 (39) ¶ Contact dead bird 040 (100) Contact bird 040 (100) Vaccinated influenza vaccine 11 (28.2)26 (44.1) *missing data 1 case ¶Fisher's Exact Test

Results Platoon 1Platoon 2 Vaccinationn%n% No Yes Risk factor of influenza virus infection was Platoon 2 more than Platoon times.

Results Multiple logistic regression of behavioral risk factors and adjusted odds ratio in influenza A (n=40) Risk factor ILI cases Adjusted odds ratio 95% CI ExposeNon-expose Platoon 228 (54.9)12 (24) Went outside school 2 wks ago 28 (71.8) 11 (28.2) After adjusted by Drink water same glass, Used towel with others and Vaccinated influenza vaccine

Results Attack rate of influenza like illness cases in second year medical cadets, Bangkok, October 2015 (n=103) Number of cases (% attack rate) 2 nd year student (n=103)41 (39.8) - Vaccinated (n=39)11 (28.2) - Non-vaccinated (n=59)26 (44.1) *Unknown vaccine status 5 cases

RT-PCR from sampling cases All 10 cases were Influenza A/H3. Results

Second year medical cadets had ILI 41 cases (39.8%) and positive for influenza A/B was 28 (68.3%). Index case started symptoms on 2 Oct.2015 and positive for influenza A/B. All 10 cases were Influenza A/H3 by RT-PCR. Vaccinated students was only 39 (37.9%). Before pandemic influenza virus, all students were allowed to visit home. Conclusion

Risk factor of influenza outbreak was Platoon 2 and protective factor was went to outside school 2 weeks ago. All class of students were treated by Oseltamivir on 19 Oct.2015 After that no new cases were detected. No report of infection in other grades.

Early detection is the best way to control the infection. Vaccination policy Should be vaccinate influenza vaccine to person who have to go military training and healthcare workers. Recommendation

THANK YOU