Name: Shaktika Mahajan Institute: VDIT Roll No. :054 MANUFATURING INDUSTRIES Name: Shaktika Mahajan Enrollnment Number: Institute Name: VDIT

CONTENTS  Introduction to Manufacturing Industries  Importance of Manufacturing  Industrial Location  Classification of Industries on the basis of : Source of Raw material Size Ownership  Current Scenario of Indian Manufacturing Industries  Industrial Pollution And Environmental Degradation  Control over Environmental Degradation  Conclusion

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES  Manufacturing is the production of goods for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing or formulation.  The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech,but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale.  Such finished goods may be used for manufacturing other, more complex products, such as air craft, household appliances or automobiles, or sold to wholesalers, who in turn sell them to retailers,who then sell them to end users –the “CONSUMERS”.

IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING Manufacturing Industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people of agriculture income by providing them jobs in secondary and teritary sectors. Industrial development is a pre condition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transfer their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous.

INDUSTRIAL LOCATION Industrial Location are complex in nature. These are influenced by availability of :  RAW MATERIAL  LABOUR  MARKET  POWER  TRANSPORT  LAND  MARKET It is rarely possible to find all these factors available at one place. Consequently, manufacturiting activity tends to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors of industrial locationare either available or can be arranged at lower cost. After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. Sometimes, industries are located in or near the cities.

CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES Classification on the basis of sources of raw material used:  Agro based industries : These industries use plant and animal based products as their raw material. Cotton textile, vegetable oil, dairy products, and leather industries are some examples of agro based industries.  Mineral based industries: These are primary industries which uses mineral ores as their raw materials. The products of these industries feed other industries. Iron and steel, cement, aluminium, machine tools, petrochemicals.  Forest based industries: These industries uses forest products as their raw materials. The industries associated with forests are pulp and paper, furniture and buildings.  Marine based industries: These industries use product from the sea and ocean as raw material. Industries processing sea food or manufacturing fish oil are some examples.

AGRO BASED INDUSTRIES  Jute Textiles  Jute Textiles: India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands at second place as an exporter after Bangladesh.There are about 70 jute mills in India. Most of these are located in West Bengal. The first Jute mill was set up near Kolkata in 1859 at Rishra.  Sugar Industry  Sugar Industry: India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of gaur and khan sari. The raw material used in industry is bulky. There are over 460 sugar mills in the country spread over Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra.

Jute industry Cotton Industry

MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES Mineral based industries are primary industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials. The products of these industries feed other industries. Iron made from iron ore is the product of mineral based industry. This is used as raw material for the manufacture of a number of other products, such as heavy machinery, building materials and railway coaches.  Iron and Steel Industry: The Iron and Steel Industy is the basic industry since all the other industries- heavy, medium, light, depends on it for their machinery. Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods.

Petrochemical industry Electronic Industry

CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES ON THE BASIS OF SIZE  Cottage Industries: An industry where the creation of products and services is home based, rather than factory based. These are the industries in which not much capital or space is required. Labour force consist of family members mainly.  Small scale industry: These are the industrial undertakings having fixed investment in plant and machinery, whether ownership basis or lease basis or hire purchase not exceeding Rs. 1 crore.

Large scale Industry  Large scale industry: Large scale industries refers to those industries which require huge infrastructure, man power and a have influx of capital assets.

CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES ON THE BASIS OF OWNERSHIP  PUBLIC SECTOR INDUSTRIES:

 PRIVATE SECTOR INDUSTRIES

 Joint sector industry  Cooperative sector Industry

PUBLIC SECTOR AND PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR The public sector is the part of the economy concerned with providing various government services. The composition of the public sector varies by country, but in most countries the public sector includes such services as the military,police,infrastructure (public roads, bridges, telecommunicat ions etc.), public education, along with health care etc. PRIVATE SECTOR Business and organizations that are not part of the public sector are part of the private sector. The private sector is composed of the business sector, which is intended to earn a profit for the owners of the enterprise, and the voluntary sector, which includes charitable organizations.

COOPERATIVE SECTOR AND JOINT SECTOR JOINT SECTOR In Joint Sector,the ownership, control and management are shared jointly by the Government, the private entrepreneurs and the public at large. The management and control of a joint sector enterprise lies with the nominees or representatives of the Government, private businessmen and the public. COOPERATIVE SECTOR Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by group of individuals who are producers or workers in the industry. Capital is pooled in together by people and profits and losses are shared by them.

The Chemical Industry in India is fast growing and diversifying. Its approximately 3 percent of the GDP. It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the twelfth place in the world in term of its size. It comprises of both large and small scale manufacturing units. Chemical Industry

Cement Industry: Cement is essential for construction activity such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, dams etc. This industry requires heavy and bukly raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina. Coal and electric power are needed apart from rail transportation.

 AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY OF INDIA Automobile provide vehicle for quick transport of good services and passengers. Trucks, buses, cars, scooter, three wheelers and multi utility vehicles are manufanctured in India in various centres..

 Information Technology and Electronics Indutry: The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television,telephones, cellular telecom, pager, equipments required by the telecommunication industry. Banglore has emerged as the electronic capital of India. Other important centres for electronic goods are Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata,Lucknow,Coimbatore

CURRENT SCENARIO OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Sharing 15% of GDP. Having potential to share 25% of GDP. Indian manufacturing and services sectors expanded more than China in Feburary The second preferred global investment destination. India’s currently exports manufactured product worth about $50 billion.

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION Although Industries contribute significantly to India’s economic growth and development, the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and resulting degardation of environment that they have caused, cannot be overlooked. Industries are responsible for four types of pollution :  Air pollution  Water pollution  Land pollution  Noise pollution

Noise pollution Air pollution Water pollution Land pollution

CONTROL OVER ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION  Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of fresh water. Some suggestions are: Minimising use water for processing by reusing or recycling it in two or more successive stages. Harvesting rainwater to meet water requirments. Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.  Treatment of Industrial effulents can be done in three phases: Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation. Secondary treatment by biological process. Teritary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This innvolve recycling of wastewater.

CONCLUSION The share of manufacturing sector accounts for only 15% in GDP which is very low as compared to China, Malaysia and Thailand where manufacturing contributes to 1/3 rd or more in their GDP. Government is asking NRIs to invest more in the manufacturing sector to create more job opportunities.

REFERENCES Wikipedia NCERT Social Studies Book (Class VIII) Images – Google.com Social Studies Book of DAV Publication (Class VIII)

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