The Soviet/Russian Manned Space Program

Warm Up Questions CPS Questions (1-2) Chapter 6, Lesson 2

Lesson Overview  The history and accomplishments of the Russian Vostok project  The history and accomplishments of the Russian Voskhod project  The history and accomplishments of the Russian Soyuz project Chapter 6, Lesson 2

Quick Write How do you think you would have felt if you had made a spacewalk like Leonov’s? Have you ever had an experience where you felt you were far above, or far away from, ordinary cares and had to be called back in, as he was? (Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS) Chapter 6, Lesson 2

Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, the First Man in Space  Soviets put a man in space first  On 12 April 1961, Vostok 1, circled the Earth at nearly 17,000 mph  Gagarin had no control over his spacecraft Chapter 6, Lesson 2 Courtesy of NASA

Valentina Tereshkova, the First Woman in Space  An amateur parachutist  The first woman in space when she went up aboard Vostok 6 on 16 June 1963  Her mission lasted nearly three days, in which she orbited Earth 48 times Chapter 6, Lesson 2 Courtesy of NASA/Bill Ingalls

Other ‘Firsts’ Achieved by the Russian Vostok Program  In 1961 Gherman Titov became the first person to spend a full day in orbit, aboard Vostok 2  In 1962 Vostok 3 and Vostok 4 carried out the first two-spacecraft mission  On 14 June 1963 the crew of Vostok 5 carried out the first long-duration mission, five days in orbit Chapter 6, Lesson 2

The Voskhod as the First Three-Man Spacecraft  Designers wanted vehicles that were more flexible and were capable of carrying more than one person  Soviets modified Vostok to hold two or three cosmonauts  Voskhod was an attempt to make the most of a tested design Chapter 6, Lesson 2 Courtesy of NASA

The Voskhod’s First Crew  Voskhod 1, which carried three men into space, was the first “multimanned” flight  The Voskhod 1 mission was designed:  to test out the new spacecraft;  to see how well a group of cosmonauts from different professional backgrounds would work together in space;  to conduct physical and technical experiments;  to perform an extensive medical-biological investigation program  The Soviets deemed Voskhod 1 a success Chapter 6, Lesson 2

The Experiments Conducted During the Voskhod Project  Yegorov was the first trained medical doctor in space  He tested the cosmonauts’ lung function and their sense of balance  He also took the first blood samples in space Chapter 6, Lesson 2

Alexei Leonov, the First Man to ‘Walk’ in Space  On 18 March 1965 the Soviets launched the spacecraft Voskhod 2  Leonov’s spacecraft had an extendable air lock  During his brief adventure Leonov felt both tension and euphoria  The automatic orientation system for the retrofire malfunctioned Chapter 6, Lesson 2 Courtesy of NASA

The History of the Russian Soyuz Project  Purpose of the Soyuz missions was to develop a space station that would orbit Earth  Other speculated Soyuz program’s real goal, like that of Apollo, was to put a man on the Moon  First Soyuz mission ended in disaster Chapter 6, Lesson 2 Courtesy of NASA/Bill Ingalls

The Docking Experiments Conducted During Soyuz Project  Soviets launched the unmanned Soyuz 2 on 25 October 1968  Next day Soyuz 3, with cosmonaut Beregovoy aboard went up  Beregovoy made repeated attempts and did get very close, he didn’t quite make the connection Chapter 6, Lesson 2

The Docking Experiments Conducted During Soyuz Project  On 14 January 1969 the Soviet Union made its first wintertime launch of a manned spacecraft: Soyuz 4  The next day, Soyuz 5 went up  A day after that, Soyuz 4 began a docking exercise with Soyuz 5  Soyuz 4 returned to Earth after three days with a crew of three Chapter 6, Lesson 2 Courtesy of NASA

The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project  The first human spaceflight mission managed jointly by two nations  On 15 July 1975 the space agencies launched their two ships.  At 2:17 p.m. US Central Time on 17 July the two ships docked  The mission was a resounding success for both countries Chapter 6, Lesson 2 Courtesy of NASA

Learning Check CPS Questions (3-4) Chapter 6, Lesson 2

Activity 1: The Soviet/Russian Manned Space Program Review (Baseball Game) Help your team score “runs” by answering questions correctly about the lesson. Chapter 6, Lesson 2

Activity 2: Competition v. Cooperation for National Space Programs  Write a two-page essay on the following topic: There was intense competition between the United States and the Soviet Union at the beginning of both countries’ space programs. By the time of the Apollo-Soyuz project, the relationship between both countries had transitioned to one of cooperation. What benefits were there to the competition between these two super powers? Why is cooperation between countries important to current space programs? Chapter 6, Lesson 2

Activity 3: What If…? (Imagine Space Travel Today) Imagine how the United States space program would be different today if…  The Soviet Union had landed on the Moon first and if the outcome had been a failure  The United States was still in a Cold War with Russia  Soviet Union/Russia had never implemented a space program at all  The United States and the Soviet Union had not agreed to jointly manage the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Chapter 6, Lesson 2

Technology Enrichment: Women in Space Select one of the women in space from the list and create a brief 5-minute presentation on her education, career, accomplishments, and any other interesting facts about her. Your presentation should include PowerPoint slides. Chapter 6, Lesson 2

ReviewReview  The Soviets were very active in space exploration and made many “firsts” in their programs  Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space  Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space when she went aboard Vostok 6 on 16 June 1963  Alexei Leonov was the first man to ‘walk’ in space  The Americans and the Soviets worked together on the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Chapter 6, Lesson 2

Review Questions CPS Questions (5-6) Chapter 6, Lesson 2

SummarySummary  The history and accomplishments of the Russian Vostok project  The history and accomplishments of the Russian Voskhod project  The history and accomplishments of the Russian Soyuz project Chapter 6, Lesson 2

Next…Next…  Done – The Soviet/Russian Manned Space Program  Next – Space Programs Around the World Chapter 6, Lesson 2 Courtesy of SeaWiFS Project /NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/ORBIMAGE