Unit 6 Review Unification, Industrialism, Nationalism, Imperialism

Unification

Realpolitik O Definition: politics based on practical considerations rather than on ethical or theoretical considerations O Who originated this political system and used it to unify his country? O What country did he help to unify?

Nation, State, Nation-State? O Nation O A nation is simply a group of people who view themselves as being linked to one another in some manner. EX. Irish, Dutch, Cherokee O State O Area of the earth’s surface that has human created boundaries and is governed by a central authority that makes laws, rule, and decisions, that it enforces within those boundaries. EX. United States, United Kingdom O Nation-State O A nation-state is a state whose inhabitants consider themselves to be a nation EX. Wales, Italy

Nationalism O Definition: The psychological force that binds people together who identify with each other O Pride in one’s country O Loyalty to one’s country O Common culture

New Agricultural Revolution O Examples of advances O Crop rotation O Scientific Breeding O Fertilizer O Better tools O Horse collar O What were the results of this revolution? O Population growth, increased food supply, small farmers lost their land and sought work in the cities O How did it pave the way for the Industrial Revolution? O Cities were filled with people looking for work

Industrial Revolution

Domestic System O What is it? O A manufacturing system where workers make products in their homes with raw materials supplied by a merchant. O What are the advantages?

Factory Work O How did it differ from the Domestic System?

Industrialization O Which country industrialized first? O Why was this country able to do this? O What industry was the first?

Adam Smith O Father of Capitalism O What is “laissez- faire”? O Government should leave business alone

Capitalists O Definition: a person who has wealth and is willing to invest in business

Communism O Who is known as the Father of Communism? O He and Frederick Engels wrote “The Communist Manifesto”

Reforms O Labor Unions: voluntary association of workers seeking reforms O Examples: O Abolition of slavery O Women’s rights O Public education

Enclosure Movement O In England, landowners felt that larger farms would be more efficient than the open-field system in which farmers owned fields throughout the village. Parliament supported this movement by allowing large landowners to fence in public and private land.

Imperialism

The Berlin Conference O Purpose: After King Leopold took the Congo for his own private property, Otto von Bismarck called the conference to prevent European nations from fighting over the division of Africa

Causes of Imperialism O Nationalism O Need for raw materials O Need for markets for manufactured goods O Desire to convert others to Christianity O Strategic military locations

Types of Imperialism O Define each type of imperialism and give an example O Colony O Protectorate O Sphere of influence

Social Darwinism O Definition: theory that Darwin’s theory of “survival of the fittest” can be applied to societies. European powers used it to justify their colonization of Africa and Asia. O Cecil Rhodes of England supported this theory

South Africa O Dutch settlers were farmers known as Boers O Apartheid=state sanctioned segregation that ended in 1990

Indochina O Which countries make up French Indochina?

Russo-Japanese War O War between Russian and Japan O Fought over control of Korea and Manchuria

Japan and China O Commodore Perry—1853—forced Japan to open trade with the United States O Meiji Restoration—restoration of the emperor to the throne resulted in modernization of nation’s industry and military to keep European’s out O Boxer Rebellion—Chinese revolt against Europeans in China