The Development of Internet CANDICE BAIJING WANG COM 9660 SEL TOPICS/CORP COMM SUMMER 2016

Agenda Internet History Internet Evolution Internet Growth – Present The Future of Internet

What Was the “Victorian Internet”?

Victorian Internet The Telegraph Invented in the 1840s Signals sent over wires that were established over vast distances Used extensively by the U.S. Government during the American Civil War, Morse Code was dots and dashes, or short signals and long signals The electronic signal standard of +/-15 v. is still used in network interface cards today

What is the Internet? A network of networks, joining many government, university and private computers together and providing an infrastructure for the use of , bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents, databases and other computational resources The vast collection of computer networks which form and act as a single huge network for transport of data and messages across distances which can be anywhere from the same office to anywhere in the world. A worldwide system of interconnected networks and computers

What is the Internet? The largest network of networks in the world Uses TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) /IP (Internet Protocol) and packet switching Runs on any communications substrate Dr. Vinton Cerf, Co-Creator of TCP/IP Sir Isaac Newton “If I have been able to see farther than others, it was because I stood on the shoulders of giants.” Dr. Bob Kahn Co-Creator of TCP/IP

What is a Network? A computer network is an interconnection of a group of computers

History of the Internet 1968 – DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) contracts with BBN (Bolt, Beranek & Newman) to create APRAnet 1970 – First five nodes: - UCLA - Stanford - UC Santa Barbara - U of Utah, and BBN 1974 – TCP specification by Vint Cerf 1984 – On January 1, the Internet with its 1000 hosts using TCP/IP for its messaging

Evolution of the Internet Memex Conceived 1945 WWW Created 1989 Mosaic Created 1993 A Mathematical Theory of Communication 1948 Packet Switching Invented 1964 Silicon Chip 1958 First Vast Computer Network Envisioned 1962 ARPANET 1969 TCP/IP Created 1972 Internet Named and Goes TCP/IP 1984 Hypertext Invented 1965 Age of eCommerce Begins 1995

The Creation of the Internet The creation of the Internet solved the following challenges: - Basically inventing digital networking as we know it - Survivability of an infrastructure to send/receive high-speed electronic messages - Reliability of computer messaging

ARPANET Was the world’s first operational network, and the predecessor of the global Internet

The World Wide Web The original Internet provided screens full of text Great for sharing info and accessing the Library of Congress Text was all one font and size BORING!

GUIs (Graphical User Interface) GUIs added some color and layout, but still were not very interesting

The World Wide Web Hyperlinks were invented www. nbc.com The mouse was invented to click on hyperlinks The URL (Uniform Resource Locater) was invented. This allowed sites to be named Tim Berners Lee brought all of this together to form the World Wide Web in 1990

Mosaic: The First Web Browser Very slow Did not handle loading pictures very well Modems were very slow Did not give an indication of the potential of this medium

1994 – A Big Year for the WWW Tim Berners Lee develops the World Wide Web Consortium to develop standards for the Web Netscape is founded

The development of Internet The Internet exploded during this period The first commercial site was built – Amazon.com In 1994 the World Wide Web grew by an astounding 2300% Amazon saw that online shopping was the wave of the future

Internet Growth Trends 1977: 111 hosts on Internet 1981: 213 hosts 1983: 562 hosts 1984: 1,000 hosts 1986: 5,000 hosts 1987: 10,000 hosts 1989: 100,000 hosts 1992: 1,000,000 hosts 2001: 150 – 175 million hosts 2002: over 200 million hosts By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet

Browser Wars Netscape was the standard until 1998 It folded and was taken over by AOL Microsoft Internet Explorer snagged 96% of the browser market IE has only recently been challenged by the excellent Mozilla browser

The future of Internet

Internet access will be ubiquitous The Web will become faster and smarter Security will improve IT products will morph into services Internet 2 will emerge Faster web browsers Higher speed Cable/ADSL/cell phone and in-home network