Aerobic and anaerobic biological wastewater treatment processes: Case studies Presenting by: Ghasem D. Najafpour Coworkers: Zeinab Bakhshi Esmaeel Kariminezhad, Roya Pishgar Babol Noshirvani University of Technology February 2011

Environmental pollution Harmful to human & plants Threat to aquatic life Major concern of mankind

Wastewater treatment processes Biological Anaerobic Aerobic Physical Chemical

Aerobic Biological Processes Organic matter serves as electron donor Oxygen serves as electron acceptor Remove colloidal and suspended solids Remove organic compounds to prevent excessive DO depletion Aerobic Biological Processes

Aerobic suspended growth processes Microorganisms are preserved in liquid suspension by suitable mixing methods Adequate dissolved oxygen concentration is required Aerobic suspended growth processes One of the most important suspended growth technologies is activated sludge process Used for biological treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters

Aerobic attached growth processes Less energy consumption Simpler operation Better recovery after shock toxic loads Less equipment maintenance Better sludge thickening properties No bulking problems

Anaerobic Biological Processes Biogas Residual organic matters Microbial biomass Organic matter

Advantages: Methane production Less Energy required Less biological sludge produced Low nutrients required Methane production Small reactor volume

Biological Processes performed in this study Aerobic Biological Processes Attached Growth RBC Suspended Growth Activated sludge

Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) Wastewater characteristic Dairy Wastewater Gela, Amol, iran Reactor Configuration Working Volume 65.6 Liter Length 75 cm Width 35 cm Depth 30 cm Total Discs number 48 Disc Diameter 16 cm

Reactor Performance Figure 1: COD removal efficiency with respect to OLR with and without recirculation

Activated Sludge Wastewater characteristic Amol industrial park wastewater Mazandaran, Iran Figure 2: Schematic Figure of Amol Industrial Wastewater treatment plant

Activated Sludge

Figure 3: COD removal and effluent COD with respect to HRT Figure 4: Effect of recycle ratio on COD removal, SVI and F/M

Figure 5: COD removal with respect to HRT Wastewater characteristic Yasreb municipal wastewater plant Ghaemshahr, Iran Figure 5: COD removal with respect to HRT Figure 6: Effect of recycle ratio on COD removal, SVI and F/M

Biological Processes performed in this study Anaerobic Biological Processes Attached Growth UASFF

UASFF Bioreactor Reactor Configuration Internal Diameter 2.76 cm Height 160 cm Total Volume 960 ml Support material Seashell Void 85%

Dairy wastewater Characteristic Value COD (mg/l) 50000-70000 Lactose (g/l) 50-60 TS (g/l) 55-65 VS (g/l) 49 Proteins (g/l) 2.2 Phosphate (g/l) 0.6 Ca (g/l) 0.02 pH 5.5-6.6

Reactor operation Acclimation period 26 days COD concentration 7000-20000 mg/l Duration of each period 8 days Temperature 37 °C HRT 36 & 48 h

Figure 7: COD removal efficiency with respect to OLR for HRTs 36 and 48 h

UASFF Bioreactor Main characteristics of pulp and paper wastewater Wastewater characteristic Pulp and paper wastewater Sari, Iran Main characteristics of pulp and paper wastewater Value Flow (m3/h) 984 pH 7-8 Temp (˚C) 37-55 SS (mg/l) 900 COD (mg/l) 2800 BOD5 (mg/l) 1140 Resin acids (mg/l) 140 Sulfur (mg/l) 150 UASFF Bioreactor

Figure 8: Schematic diagram of UASFF bioreactor

Figure 9: COD removal with respect to HRT at temperature 37 and 55 °C

Conclusions: Aerobic and anaerobic processes are capable of treating industrial and municipal wastewaters UASFF had a considerable performance on treatment of dairy and pulp and paper wastewaters Pulp and paper removal efficiency (HRT 24 h): 37 ˚C 63 % 55 ˚C 73 % Dairy Wastewater removal efficiency: HRT 36 h 84% HRT 48 h 97.5%

Treatment of Dairy wastewater by RBC: Improvement of 10% in COD removal efficiency by changing the operation mode to with recirculation Activated sludge was able to treat municipal and industrial wastewaters significantly. Industrial wastewater: Recycle ratio: 0.85 COD removal Efficiency: 95% SVI: 83 F/M: 1.1 Municipal wastewater: Recycle ratio: 0.2 COD removal efficiency: 85% SVI: 100 F/M:0.3

Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology

Anaerobic baffled reactor Upflow anaerobic packed bed reactor Wastewater treatment Group Anaerobic baffled reactor Upflow anaerobic packed bed reactor Group Members: Nafise Moosavi, Zeinab Bakhshi

Anaerobic Fluidized bed reactor Wastewater treatment Group Anaerobic CSTR Anaerobic Fluidized bed reactor Group Members: Roya Pishgar, Tahere Taghizade

Adsorption & Chitosan production Group Enzyme Group Group Members: Zahra Vaseghi, Maryam Hosseinpour, Samane Mohseni Adsorption & Chitosan production Group Group Members: Marjan Khorrami, Hamide Radnia

Microbial Fuel Cell Group Group Members: Mostafa Rahimnezhad, Fahime Haghparast, Tahere Jafari

Thank you for your attention