April 1 st 527 – Justinian becomes the Roman Emperor of the Eastern Empire 1748 – The ruins of Pompeii were discovered 1976 – Apple Computer Company founded.

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Topic 1: The Early Middle Ages
Presentation transcript:

April 1 st 527 – Justinian becomes the Roman Emperor of the Eastern Empire 1748 – The ruins of Pompeii were discovered 1976 – Apple Computer Company founded by Steve Jobs

Objectives  Explain how the fall of Rome and the authority of the Church shaped the early Middle Ages.  Describe the creation of the Holy Roman Empire.  Analyze the feudal system.

Agenda  Announcements / Handback Quizes  Kahoot Warm-up  Finish Middles Ages Part 1 Power Point  Feudalism Graphic Organizer  Middle Ages Part 2 Power Point

The Church in the Middle Ages

Church Power Grows  Christianity  Church had more power than kings  Missionaries start converting Germanic tribes  Some missionaries taught Germans how to write in Latin  People looked to priests for religious and social needs

Monks & Monasteries  Monasteries: places where monks lived  Used to preserve learning, including Greek & Roman achievements  Eventually created Europe's first universities

The Holy Roman Empire

The Franks  Germanic tribe that settled in France  First king: Clovis  First Germanic king to convert to Catholicism  Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer)  United the Franks  Defeats the Muslims in the Battle of Tours

Charlemagne  Charles Martel's grandson  Expands the empire making it the biggest empire in Europe since Rome  Unites Western Europe

Coronation  Charlemagne saves the pope from a mob in Rome  The pope crowns Charlemagne as the Holy Roman Emperor  Together, they become VERY powerful

Charlemagne's Achievements  Creates strong laws  Good emperor  Spreads Christianity  Brings back learning  Builds new roads, schools, and churches  This helps unite the empire

Life After Charlemagne  Louis the Pious  Charlemagne's son  Bad ruler  Charlemagne's three grandsons  Fight each other for power  Divide the empire into three kingdoms  No longer a united empire

Treaty of Verdun, 843

The Crusades  Feudalism began to fall apart  Muslims began invading the Byzantine Empire  Muslims, Jews, and Christians began fighting for control of Jerusalem

Muslims  Jerusalem was the place Muhammad rose to heaven  It is where he received the messages from Gabriel

Jews  Spiritual capital where Abraham and God made the covenant  Where King Solomon built the Great Temple

Christians  Place where Jesus was crucified and rose from the dead

Conflict  Christians were worried they wouldn't be able to visit Jerusalem  Also worried that the Muslims would conquer Constantinople

First Crusade  Crusade: Holy war  Pope Urban II started a crusade to take Jerusalem  Promised knights that they would go to heaven  Results:  Christians won  Killed LOTS of Muslims and Jews

Second Crusade  Saladin, leader of the Muslims, led his army to Jerusalem  Results:  Muslims take back Jerusalem

Results of the Second Crusade  Europeans decided to go on another crusade  Led by King Richard I  Made it to Jerusalem but the battled ended up in a tie  King Richard & Saladin signed a peace treaty

Reconquista  Christians in the Iberian Peninsula were fighting to take Spain from the Muslims  Spanish Inquisition: Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand created a court to punish Muslims and Jews  Also tried to convert them to Christianity

Results of the Crusades  Losses:  Church lost some power  Feudalism started to collapse  Hatred between different religions grew  Wins:  Trade increased  Cultural diffusion

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