A. European Christians had made journeys to Jerusalem and the Holy land since 200 AD. (Holy land-places of Bible –Israel, Palestine, and Jordan) B AD-Seljuk Turks ( Muslims) took over Jerusalem. First, they attacked Christian pilgrims and then they refused to let them come at all C. Seljuk Turks were also conquering parts of the Byzantine Empire. Emperor of Constantinople asked Europeans for help

A. Pope wanted to regain Holy Land so it would be under Christian control (God wills it) B. Desire for Christians to be able to visit the Holy Land C. Pope wanted Christians to unite against a common enemy and stop fighting each other D. Gain power for Church and himself E. Control of trade routes

A. Over 200 years, the Church launched a series of 8 military campaigns called Crusades to regain the Holy Land B. November 1095-Pope Urban II called for a war to regain control of the Holy Land C. Success would be in the hands of the lords and their knights. 1000’s of men would join the battle D. Many serfs also joined to fight because: 1. promised immediate salvation if they died while fighting, 2. no rent for families back home, and 3. adventure

1. The People’s Crusade-led by Peter the Hermit, commoners traveled to Constantinople to attack the Turks-failed 2. 1 St Crusade-Europeans sent by the Pope joined with what was left of Peter’s army and captured the Holy Land in They set up four Christian kingdoms & many soldiers went home. Kingdoms were often attacked by the Turks which forced another Crusade

3. 2 nd Crusade-did not have much success in regaining the Holy Land. Muslims were led by Saladin, who took back Jerusalem (1149) and wouldn’t return to Christians rd Crusade-Crusade of Kings-Led by King Richard of England. He was successful in getting Saladin to sign a treaty allowing Christians to visit Jerusalem th Crusade-reason for fighting was to get war debt paid not to regain Holy Land. Crusaders even looted Constantinople themselves 6. 5 th -8 th Crusades-Never able to regain solid control of the Holy Land (children even went on Crusade themselves)

A. Christians lost control of the Holy Land B. Revival of trade C. Encouraged the use of money D. New ideas and Technology E. Revival of literature F. Learned skill to make better ships/improved maps G. Treatment of Jews and Muslims would have a long term effect