PRESENTATION ON GPS B ASED T RACKING S YSTEM Group Members: Amit Kumar Kunal Mani Narahttam Paul Prabhat Kumar Satyanarayan Pathak

O VERVIEW GPS stands for Global Positioning System. It is a network of 24 satellites. First developed by the US Department of Defense in 1978 for military purpose only. GPS is known as NAVSTAR – Navigational Satellite Timing And Ranging Global Positioning System. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) is a form of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

C ONTINUES …. Consists of 24 GPS satellites MEO orbit( about distance of 20,200kms from the surface of the earth.) Made up of two dozen satellites working in simultaneously are known as a satellite constellation. This constellation is currently controlled by the United States-Department of Defence.

S ATELLITE C ONSTELLATION

B EGINNING OF GPS In 1960s the US-Navy developed TRANSIT to track their fleet of nuclear submarines. The problem with TRANSIT was it had low accuracy and was not available 24 hours a day. During this time the US- Air Force also created a system to accurately locate vehicles on land or in the air.

GPS CONSISTS OF TWO SECTION : First Section: GPS System Overview Second Section GPS Tracking –To Display Longitude and Latitude

F IRST S ECTION GPS System Overview

GPS S YSTEM O VERVIEW The total GPS configuration is comprised of three distinct segments. 1- Space segment- Satellites orbiting the Earth 2- Control segment- Monitoring Stations and Ground Antennas. 3- User segment – Anybody that receives and uses the GPS signal.

S PACE S EGMENT GPS satellites fly in circular orbits at an altitude of 20,200 km and with a period of 12 hours. Each satellite makes two complete revolution around earth in single day. That means each satellite passes over the same location twice each day.

C ONTROL S EGMENT Six monitor stations are located in different part of world. Each of the monitor stations checks the exact altitude, position, speed, and overall health of the orbiting satellites. The control segment uses measurements collected by the monitor stations to predict the behavior of each satellite. The control segment also tells about the orbits of GPS satellite.

U SER S EGMENT GPS receivers are generally composed of an antenna, tuned to the frequencies transmitted by the satellites A receiver is often described by its number of channels this signifies how many satellites it can monitor simultaneously The GPS receiver display information showing location and speed information to the user.

T HREE S EGMENTS OF THE GPS S YSTEM

F REQUENCY U SED BY GPS S ATELLITE GPS satellite transmit two signals at different frequency's as L1 and L2. L MHz. L MHz L1 used for general purpose world wide. L2 used for Military application.

P OSITION C ALCULATION The satellites are equipped with atomic clocks Receiver uses an internal crystal oscillator-based clock that is continually updated using the signals from the satellites. Receiver identifies each satellite's signal by its distinct pseudo random code pattern, then measures the time delay for each satellite. By the two sequences, the receiver can measure the delay and calculate the distance to the satellite.

T RILATERATION GPS uses a process called trilateration to determine a precise location. Trilateration is the process of measuring the distance from at least three satellites to determine a location on earth. Three satellites calculate 2D position (Latitude and Longitude) Four or more satellites calculate 3D position (Latitude, Longitude, and Altitude)

One satellite can determine a receiver’s position somewhere on a sphere Two satellites narrow the position down to a circle where the two spheres intersect. Three satellites locate the position to one of two points at the intersection of all three spheres.

E RRORS AND L IMITATION Satellite errors Atmospheric propagation errors Errors due to Multipath Receiver Clock Errors Receiver noise Forces on the GPS satellite Errors due to geometry

U SES OF GPS Locating Tracking Navigation Mapping

A PPLICATION OF GPS Military Marine Automobiles Personal navigation Mobile application

S ECOND S ECTION GPS Tracking – To display Latitude and Longitude

GPS T RACKING – T O D ISPLAY L ONGITUDE AND L ATITUDE

F LOW C HART

E QUIPMENT U SED 1. GPS MODULE 2.16 X 2 LCD 3. ATMEGA CAPACITORS 5. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR 6. DIODES 7. MAX RESISTANCE 9. VOLTAGE REGULATORS

GPS MODULE

P IN C ONFIGRATION

16*2 LCD DISPLAY

P IN C ONFIGRATION

M ICROCONTROLLER -ATMEGA168

CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR A crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces electrical oscillations at a particular designed frequency A piezoelectric effect causes a crystal such as quartz to vibrate and resonate at a particular frequency.

MAX232 The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits This IC is mainly used when to different serially communicating devices are interfaced. This IC converts the voltage according to the logic standards of the device

EXPECTED OUTCOME OF THE STUDY We get the values of longitude and latitude by configuring GPS module. The GPS module return the value of longitude and latitude to DB 9 serial port from which it is passed to the microcontroller. The microcontroller displays the output value on the LCD. As the logic level of DB 9 serial port is different as compared to microcontroller so we have used MAX 232 IC interface to make the logic level of DB 9 serial port compatible with microcontroller.

CONCLUSION This project has met its objective of tracking the location and position and it is running low cost. There are plenty of GPS positions tracking systems in market, they are normally expensive and user has to pay for the service say yearly. Although this project is very simple, it can also do the same thing as those tracking systems in market. It is made for location and position tracking in low cost.