Grammar 1

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch Objectives  Giving students an overview of verbs.  Enabling students to understand and use verbs appropriately.

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch Verb  The verb is king in English.  The shortest sentence contains a verb. You can make a one-word sentence with a verb, for example:  “Stop”  “Come”  “Start”

To find the verb: Locate the subject Then ask yourself, “What is it doing?” The dog barked. Who? barked dog “What did the dog do?” The verb is barked, it’s what the dog is doing.

Mrs. Smith arrives late. Who? arrives Mrs. Smith “What did Mrs. Smith do?” The verb is arrives, it’s what Mrs. Smith does.

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Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch Verb 1. A verb shows action  Go, speak, run, play 2. A verb shows state  be, exist, seem and belong all convey state.

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch Verb Classification We divide verbs into two broad classifications: 1.Helping Verbs They are used to help the main verb and don’t have meanings. 2. Main Verbs They show action and have meanings.

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch 1. Helping verb Helping verbs are also called "auxiliary verbs". a.Primary auxiliary verbs 1.Main verb 2.Helping verb b. Modal Auxiliary Verbs

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch a. Primary auxiliary verbs These are the verbs be, do, and have. Note that we can use these three verbs as helping verbs or as main verbs.  I am a teacher. Main verb  I am teaching English grammar. Helping verb

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch b. Modal helping verbs We use modal helping verbs to "modify" the meaning of the main verb in some way. A modal helping verb expresses necessity or possibility, and changes the main verb in that sense. These are the modal verbs: can, could may, might will, would, shall, should Must ought to

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch Examples:  I can't speak Chinese.  John may arrive late.  Would you like a cup of coffee?  You should see a doctor.  I really must go now.

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch 2. Main verbs Main verbs are also called "lexical verbs“. Main verbs have meanings on their own unlike helping verbs. There are thousands of main verbs, and we can classify them in several ways: a.Transitive and intransitive verbs b.Linking verbs c.Dynamic and stative verbs d.Regular and irregular verbs

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch a. Transitive and intransitive verbs A transitive verb takes a direct object: Somebody killed the President. An intransitive verb does not have a direct object: He died. Many verbs, like speak, can be transitive or intransitive. Look at these examples: IntransitiveTransitive He has arrived.I saw an elephant. John goes to school.We are watching TV. She speaks fast.He speaks English.

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch b. Linking verbs A linking verb does not have much meaning in itself. It "links" the subject to what is said about the subject. Usually, a linking verb shows equality (=) or a change to a different state or place (>). Linking verbs are always intransitive (but not all intransitive verbs are linking verbs). Mary is a teacher. (Mary = teacher) Tara is beautiful. (Tara = beautiful) That sounds interesting. (That = interesting) The sky became dark. (The sky > dark) The bread has gone bad. (bread > bad)

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch c. Dynamic and stative verbs Some verbs describe action. They are called "dynamic“, and can be used with continuous tenses. Other verbs describe state (non-action, a situation). They are called "stative", and cannot normally be used with continuous tenses (though some of them can be used with continuous tenses with a change in meaning).

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch dynamic verbs (examples): hit, explode, fight, run, go stative verbs (examples): be like, love, prefer, wish impress, please, surprise hear, see, sound belong to, consist of, contain, include, need appear, resemble, seem

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch d. Regular and irregular verbs This is more a question of vocabulary than of grammar. The only real difference between regular and irregular verbs is that they have different endings for their past tense and past participle forms.  For regular verbs, the past tense ending and past participle ending is always the same: -ed.  For irregular verbs, the past tense ending and the past participle ending is variable, so it is necessary to learn them by heart.

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch d. Regular and irregular verbs Past participlePastBase regular verbs looked Look worked Work BoughtboughtBuy irregular verbs cut donediddo

Study the list of the past forms of irregular verbs on p. 20 & 21 Please Study the list of the past forms of irregular verbs on p. 20 & 21 Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch

Worksheet

Department of English Sameera Sultan Baloch Verb Classification Quiz

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