Cell Cycle, Mitosis & Meiosis Jeopardy Cell Cycle Mitosis Meiosis Regulating Cell Cycle Misc. Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500

$100 Question What is the 1 st phase of the cell cycle? What is the name of its 1 st sub-stage?

$100 Answer Interphase, G1

$200 Question ________ are X-shaped structures that carry genetic information in the form of genes

$200 Answer Chromosomes

$300 Question What is the last phase of the cell cycle? Describe what happens during this phase

$300 Answer Cytokinesis Cytoplasm divides, splits apart to form 2 cells

$400 Question What is the 1 st phase of the cell cycle? What is the name of its 2 nd sub-stage? What happens during this sub-stage?

$400 Answer Interphase, S, DNA replication

$500 Question ________ is the “silly string” material that tightly winds together to make up chromosomes. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA

$500 Answer Chromatin

$100 Question What is the 1 st phase of Mitosis? Use the pipe cleaners to model it

$100 Answer Prophase Chromatin coils, shortens, and thickens into chromosomes Nuclear membrane starts to disappear

$200 Question What is the 2 nd phase of Mitosis? Use the pipe cleaners to model it

$200 Answer Metaphase Chromosomes line up in middle of cell, along equator, perpendicular to spindle fibers

$300 Question What is the 3 rd phase of Mitosis? Use the pipe cleaners to model it

$300 Answer Anaphase Chromatids split apart, moving to opposite ends of cell

$400 Question What is the 4 th phase of Mitosis? Use the pipe cleaners to model it

$400 Answer Telophase Chromosomes form in opposite ends of the cells; membranes form around each end

$500 Question How many cells result in the end of Mitosis? Are they genetically different, or identical? What about in Meiosis?

$500 Answer 2, identical 4, genetically different

$100 Question The type of cell division that makes sex cells is called ______ The type of cell division that makes body cells is called __________

$100 Answer Meiosis Mitosis

$200 Question Why is meiosis called a “reduction division”, and why is it important?

$200 Answer Meiosis is called reduction division because it reduces # of chromosomes in half This is why sex cells (n+n) combine in fertilization to make 2n

$300 Question Define fertilization

$300 Answer When two sex cells combine to make an embryo

$400 Question How is sexual reproduction an advantage to a species? Explain

$400 Answer Genetic variability; allows for different organisms in species to adapt to changes

$500 Question What is crossing over? When does it occur? Come draw it on the board

$500 Answer piece of one chromosome is exchanged with piece of another (during Prophase I)

$100 Question ________ is a disease that causes cells to divide repeatedly and uncontrollably, with no ability to stop at checkpoints

$100 Answer Cancer. Cells overcrowd normal cells, stopping their normal function and killing the organism

$200 Question What is a carcinogen? Name one, and explain how it can be avoided

$200 Answer Chemicals/substances that can cause cancer UV rays Artificial preservatives X-ray radiation Tobacco

$300 Question Why is it more likely for older people to develop cancer?

$300 Answer Higher risk of mutations over time

$400 Question What would happen if the checkpoint for the S phase did not work correctly? (Instead of turning green when the CDK combines with the cyclin, it is always green) How would this affect the cell cycle?

$400 Answer

$500 Question Timing and rate of cell cycle controlled by 2 substances: _______:proteins _______:enzymes that bind to protein

$500 Answer Cyclins CDKs

$100 Question If a bird has 20 chromosomes in its sex cells (gametes) then how many will it have in its body (somatic) cells?

$100 Answer 40

$200 Question Why is it beneficial for cells to be small?

$200 Answer Small SA/V ratio, so it’s more efficient for nutrients to enter and wastes to leave

$300 Question Describe the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction

$300 Answer Sexual 2 parents Offspring - genetically different from parents – variation Involves sex cells Asexual Single parent Offspring- genetically identical to parent No sex cells

$400 Question Explain why you do not look identical to your parents

$400 Answer Crossing over causes you to have a combination of your mother’s genes and your father’s genes

$500 Question What are homologous chromosomes?

$500 Answer One chromosome from each pair came from mother, other from father. Code for the same type of traits, but don’t have the exact same information