 Heterotrophs (can NOT make own food)  Multi-cellular  Most animals ingest their food and digest it inside their bodies

 There are over 1.3 million identified species of animals ◦ +10 million species are waiting to be discovered  Known species are classified into 36 phyla

 Most animals are capable of complex and relatively rapid movement compared to plants and other organisms

 Animals reproduce sexually via a sperm and egg  Most animals are diploid, meaning that the cells of adults contain two copies of the genetic material (one from mother; one from father)

 External Fertilization – egg is fertilized OUTSIDE of the female’s body  Internal Fertilization – egg is fertilized INSIDE the female’s body

 Animal cells, like all eukaryotic cells, have internal structures called organelles that serve specific functions for the cell ◦ Nucleus ◦ Mitochondria  Animal cells lack the rigid cell walls that characterize plant cells and fungi cells

 Invertebrate – animal with NO backbone  Vertebrate – animal WITH backbone

 Over 95% of all animals are invertebrates  Major phyla include: ◦ Porifera – sponges (10,000+ species) ◦ Cnidaria – jellyfish, corals (9,000+ species) ◦ Nematoda – roundworms (12,000+ species) ◦ Molluska – clams, snails, octopi (85,000+ species) ◦ Annelida – segmented worms (17,000+ species) ◦ Arthropoda – insects, spiders, crabs (1,000,000+ species discovered; millions more are undiscovered) ◦ Echinodermata – starfish and sea urchins (7,000+ species)

 Fish  Amphibians  Reptiles  Birds  Mammals

 Live in water  Cold blooded  External fertilization  Breathe dissolved oxygen through gills  Have scaly skin

 Cold blooded  Juveniles live in water and breath water; adults live out of water and breathe air ◦ E.g. Tadpole lives in water; tree frog lives out of water  External Fertilization  Includes frogs and salamanders

 Cold blooded  Have scaly skin  Breathe air  Internal fertilization  Amniotic Egg Turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodilians

 Warm-blooded  Wings and feathers  Breathe Air  Amniotic egg  Internal fertilization  Evolved from dinosaurs

 Warm-blooded  Breathe air  Hair/fur  Live birth  Produce milk to feed young